Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

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Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Nesting success and status of the least tern breeding colony at Gibson Lake in southwestern Indiana.

Author(s)
DeVault, T.L., Douglas, M.B., Castrale, J.S., Mills, C.E., Hayes, T. and Rhodes Jr, O.E.
Issue
1
Volume
115
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success See citation Figure 2 Nests hatched Embryo See citation Gibson Generating Station, Gibson County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success See citation Figure 2 Young fledged NR Fledgling See citation Gibson Generating Station, Gibson County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive ecology of the Least Tern along the lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Szell, C.C. and Woodrey, M.S.
Issue
1
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 179, 1996: 182, 1997: 161 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 240, 1996: 161, 1997: 481 Kangaroo Pt., lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.97, 1996: 0.03, 1997: 0.93 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 1472, 1996: 624, 1997: 349 Cow Island, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.93, 1996: 0.30, 1997: 0.08 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 520, 1996: 911, 1997: 671 Porter Lake, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.95, 1996: 0.90, 1997: 0.59 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 602, 1996: 483, 1997: 708 St. Francis, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 1995: 0.87, 1996: 0.63, 1997: 0.40 Ratio of hatched eggs:total eggs Embryo 1995: 527, 1996: 397, 1997: 727 Kangaroo Pt., lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.7, 1996: 2.3, 1997: 2.0 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 550, 1996: 265, 1997: 172 Cow Island, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.6, 1996: 2.3, 1997: 1.9 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 201, 1996: 392, 1997:361 Porter Lake, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.4, 1996: 2.6, 1997: 1.9 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 245, 1996: 183, 1997: 374 St. Francis, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1995: 2.4, 1996: 2.5, 1997: 2.1 Clutch size Mean number of eggs/nest Embryo 1995: 219, 1996: 159, 1997: 346 Kangaroo Pt., lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 181, 1996: 184, 1997: 199 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 546, 1996: 272, 1997: 182 Cow Island, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 183, 1996: 187, 1997: 187 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 195, 1996: 371, 1997: 372 Porter Lake, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Mating/ Laying 1995: 187, 1996: 192 1997: 187 Clutch initiation dates Julian date Embryo 1995: 255, 1996: 196, 1997: 382 St. Francis, lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Least Tern chick survival on the lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Dugger, K.M., Ryan, M.R. and Renken, R.B.
Issue
2
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 43-62% Fledging success NR Fledgling 110 Lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproductive success of the interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River.

Author(s)
Dugger, K.M., Ryan, M.R., Galat, D.L., Renken, R.B. and Smith, J.W.
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0-1.4 Chicks fledged/pair NR Fledgling 110 Lower Mississippi River Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Productivity of endangered Least Terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) below a hydropower and flood-control facility on the Arkansas River.

Author(s)
Leslie Jr, D.M., Wood, G.K. and Carter, T.S.
Issue
4
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0.59 Fledglings/pair NR Fledgling Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density 140 Adult pairs along 94 km B Adult Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 0.67 Fledglings/pair NR Fledgling Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density 212 Adult pairs along 94 km B Adult Arkansas River at Tulsa Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Stage-specific survival rates of the endangered Least Tern (Sterna antillarum) in northwestern Oklahoma.

Author(s)
Schweitzer, S.H.
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality Review Percent survival Embryo Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Metapopulation dynamics of the California least tern.

Author(s)
Akçakaya, H.R., Atwood, J.L., Breininger, D., Collins, C.T. and Duncan, B.
Issue
4
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Hatching Success Review Fledglings per nest 522 Venice Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles USA
Citation:

Chick survival, fledgling residency and evaluation of methods for estimating fledging success in least terns.

Author(s)
Bailey, J.P. and Servello, F.A.
Issue
4
Volume
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 0.14-0.74 Fledging success Number of fledgings/number of hatched chicks NR Fledgling Towsn of Wells & Kennebunk Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Breeding biology of an interior least tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos) colony in Childress County of North Texas.

Author(s)
Conway, W.C., Smith, L.M. and Ray, J.D.
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2.25 Mean clutch size Eggs Embryo 20 nests Priarie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in Childress County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Nesting June 1-July 10 Nest initiation 20 nests Priarie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in Childress County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Organochlorine pollutants and population status of least terns in South Carolina

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
62-71
Year
Issue
1
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7% decrease eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 20 eggs Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1.73 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 396 clutches Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Molt-breeding overlap and timing of pre-basic molt in Texas least terns

Author(s)
Thompson, Bruce C. and R. Douglas Slack
Pages
187-190
Year
Issue
2
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Molt May-Jul timing of primary molt Not Reported Adult 190 birds coastal areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt mid/late Jul-Sep timing of pre-basic molt Not Reported Adult Not Reported coastal areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Post-fledging departure from colonies by juvenile Least Terns in Texas: implications for estimating production

Author(s)
Thompson, Bruce C., and R. Douglas Slack
Pages
309-313
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 76.8 estimated survival rate of banded juveniles % Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Aransas and San Patricio Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 2SE
Fledging or Weaning Rate estimated fledgling production among 4 colonies fledglings/breeding pairs Not Reported Fledgling 26-140 pairs/colony Aransas and San Patricio Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of predators: center nests are less successful than edge nests in a large nesting colony of least terns

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
372-380
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 0.79-1.31 mean hatching success during two years of study eggs hatched/nest Not Reported Chick 545-606 nests per study year Sandy Point, West Haven Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding ecology of interior least terns on the unregulated Yellowstone River, Montana

Author(s)
Bacon, Lynn M., and Jay J. Rotella
Pages
391-401
Year
Issue
3
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 16, June 30, July 1 mean nest-initiation dates over 3 years of study Both Male and Female Adult 6-17 nests/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.1-2.7 range of clutch means over 3 years of study eggs/clutch Female Adult 6-18 clutches/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.1-1.4 range of mean fledging success over 3 study years fledglings/nest Not Reported Juvenile 6-18 nests/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 20 approximate age of fledging (first flight) d Not Reported Fledgling 2 birds Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Survival/ Mortality proportion of hatched birds that survived during post-fledging period, 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 42-140 hatched birds/year Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Apr time of arrival at breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutches or Litters per year 1 normal number of broods per year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Time of Mating/ Laying May-Jul period of egg laying, 2 years Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size 2 most frequent clutch size, 2 years Female Adult 96 nests Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 22 most frequent incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 41 clutches Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Hatching Success range of hatching success, 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 53-157 eggs/year Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Body Weight - Mean 5.93 mean body weight of day 0 chicks g Not Reported Hatchling 77 birds Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange 0.09 2SE
Body Weight - Mean 39.62 asymptotic body weight of juveniles at 15 days of age g Not Reported Fledgling 8 birds Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange 0.73 2SE
Time of Migration or Dispersal first two wks Apr timing of dispersal from breeding areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 colony Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying May to Aug beginning to end of nesting period Both Male and Female Adult 1 colony Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density 40 density of nests at one colony nests/1400 m^2 Both Male and Female Adult 1 colony Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 16-58 nests/year Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of fledging rates, 2 years fledglings/nests Not Reported Fledgling 16-58 nests/year Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Hatching Success range of egg hatching rates, 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 16-58 nests/year Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Second wave nesting of the California least tern: age composition and reproductive success

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
596-605
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May-early Jul (first wave), late May-Aug (second wave) nesting periods of early (first wave) and late (second wave) birds Both Male and Female Adult 8-10 pairs (first wave), 29 pairs (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.50 (first wave), 0.58 (second wave) mean number of fledglings produced per nesting pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 10 nests (first wave), 33 nests (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Hatching Success 100% (first wave), 82% (second wave) proportions of eggs hatched of eggs laid Not Reported Hatchling 54 eggs (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size 2.33 (first wave), 1.70 (second wave) average clutch sizes for early and late nesters eggs/clutch Female Adult 10 nests (first wave), 33 nests (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 age of birds nesting for the first time yr Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Renesting by California least terns

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
350-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 17/32 to 33/33 range of numbers of clutches lost of total numbers of clutches in a colony Not Reported Chick, Embryo 7 colonies, 8 years coast Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Orange
Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 35-165 pairs/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 775-1,264 pairs/year statewide Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 earliest age at which adults were known to breed for the first time yr Not Reported Adult 186 birds Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Longevity 13 age of oldest banded breeding birds yr Not Reported Adult 40-105 birds/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Survival/ Mortality 0.88 overall survival rate for adults that have returned to breed once Not Reported Adult 82-165 breeding pairs/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Survival/ Mortality 0.16 rate at which chicks survived to breed at least once Not Reported Chick 84-285 chicks/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Longevity 9.63 expected number of breeding years per adult bird yr Not Reported Adult 372 birds Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles 6.55-14.48 95% CI
Citation:

Population status and trends of the California least tern

Author(s)
Fancher, Jack M.
Pages
59-66
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.69 statewide average annual fledging rate, 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 832-1708 nesting pairs/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Experiments on the nesting behavior of the least tern, Sterna albifrons browni

Author(s)
Davis, Milton E.
Pages
25-43
Year
Issue
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size 40 radius of nesting territory cm Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 clutches Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Least tern foraging ecology at three major California breeding colonies

Author(s)
Atwood, Jonathon L. and Dennis E. Minsky
Pages
57-72
Year
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Foraging Distance foraging distance from nesting sites mi Not Reported Adult 10-11 surveys/site Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Orange
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Jul timing of post-fledging dispersal Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Santa Margarita River Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Status of the least tern at Camp Pendleton, California

Author(s)
Swickard, Deane K.
Pages
49-58
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Aug-Sep timing of departure from breeding areas Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 4 nesting areas, 2 years Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes over 2 years eggs/clutch Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 230-336 nests Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Hatching Success proportion of eggs hatched of total eggs laid over 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 419-734 eggs Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Survival/ Mortality estimated annual mortality rate for two years based on juvenile censuses % Not Reported Juvenile 92-195 birds counted Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
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