Falco peregrinus (Peregrine Falcon)

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Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Short-term effects of the prestige oil spill on the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus).

Author(s)
Zuberogoitia, I., Martínez, J.A., Iraeta, A., Azkona, A., Zabala, J., Jiménez, B., Merino, R. and Gomez, G.
Issue
10
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 1.4, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.54, 2001: 2.48, 2002: 2.48, 2003: 2.75 Mean number fledglings/breeding pair Mean number fledglings/breeding pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 2, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.5, 2001: 2.89, 2002: 2.71, 2003: 3.21 Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 1.27, 1999: 2.67, 2000: 2.31, 2001: 2.36, 2002: 1.96, 2003: 2.41 Mean number fledglings/territorial pair Mean number fledglings/territorial pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Citation:

The role of pigeon consumption in the population dynamics and breeding performance of a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) population: conservation implications.

Author(s)
López-López, P., Verdejo, J. and Barba, E.
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 1 Chicks/breeding pair Average number chicks/year NR Chick 820 nests Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Population Density 9 Breeding pairs/1,500 sq km Breeding pairs/1,500 sq km B Adult 820 nests Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Dietary Composition See citation Table 2 Prey types % prey mass B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Citation:

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs from California correlate with diet and human population density.

Author(s)
Newsome, S.D., Park, J.S., Henry, B.W., Holden, A., Fogel, M.L., Linthicum, J., Chu, V. and Hooper, K.
Issue
13
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 4 Identifiable prey Adult Urban: 10, nonurban: 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Prey Species as possible sources of PBDE exposures for peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) nesting in major California cities.

Author(s)
Park, J.S., Fong, A., Chu, V., Holden, A., Linthicum, J. and Hooper, K.
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 2 Identifiable prey Coastal: 30, urban: 31 Coastal vs. urban populations Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Nesting biology and food habits of the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus radama in the south-west and central plateau of Madagascar.

Author(s)
Razafimanjato, G., de Roland, L.A.R., Rabearivony, J. and Thorstrom, R.
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Tritriva: June, Tsimanampetsotsa: July Courtship initiation Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding MADAGASCAR
Time of Mating/ Laying Tritriva: July, Tsimanampetsotsa: August Egg laying Adult 3 nests Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding MADAGASCAR
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 42 Days posthatch d Fledgling Tsimanampetsotsa Exposure Factor Datasets MADAGASCAR
Clutch or Litter Size 3-Feb Number of eggs Embryo 2 nests Tsimanampetsotsa Exposure Factor Datasets MADAGASCAR
Citation:

Feeding activity and seasonal changes in prey composition of urban Peregrine Falcons Falco peregrinus.

Author(s)
Rejt, Ł.
Issue
2
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 2 Seasonal changes in diet 486 prey remains Warsaw buildings Exposure Factor Datasets POLAND
Citation:

Density, productivity, diet and population status of the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus in the Italian Alps.

Author(s)
Rizzolli, F., Sergio, F., Marchesi, L. and Pedrini, P.
Issue
2
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 1.16 Pairs/100 sq km Pairs/100 sq km B Adult 249 Central-eastern Italian Alps Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding ITALY
Time of Mating/ Laying 43170 B Adult 249 Central-eastern Italian Alps Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding ITALY
Dietary Composition Turdus pilaris: 8.34, Turdus merula: 4.82, Columba livia: 12.27, Garrulus gladnarius: 6.87, Stumus vulgaris: 2.75, Corvus corone cornix: 19.50, other Columbidae: 12.48, Other Turdidae: 4.39, Other birds: 28.58 Percent by mass from pellets/prey remains % B Adult 249 Central-eastern Italian Alps Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding ITALY
Population Density Review Pairs/100 sq km Pairs/100 sq km B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Long-term Reproduction (1984–2013), Nestling Diet, and Eggshell Thickness of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in Yellowstone National Park.

Author(s)
Baril, L.M., Haines, D.B., Smith, D.W. and Oakleaf, R.J
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Turdus migratorius: 11, Leucophaeus pipixcan: 8, Sialia currucoides: 6, Phalaropus fulicarius: 6, Colaptes auratus: 5, Phalaropus tricolor: 5, other Scolophacidae spp.: 7, Icteridae spp.: 7, other picidae spp.: 6, Fringillidae spp.: 5, other birds: 32, other animals: 3 Percent frequency of prey remains % B Nestling 9 eyries Yellowstone National Park Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Diet of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in Korea: Food Items and Seasonal Changes.

Author(s)
Choi, C.Y. and Nam, H.Y.
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Synthliboramphus antiquus, Streptopelia orientalis, S. qumizusume, Zoothera dauma, Swimhow's Storm-Petrel, Larus crassirostris, Japanese Murrelet, Pitta nympha, Otus sunia, Otus semitroques, Asio otus, Caprimulgus indicus NA 393 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH KOREA (REPUBLIC OF KOREA)+M10
Citation:

Long-term investigation of the degree of exposure of German peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) to damaging chemicals from the environment.

Author(s)
Wegner, P., Kleinstäuber, G., Baum, F. and Schilling, F.
Issue
1
Volume
146
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean See citation Table 6 Egg metrics Embryo See citation Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and metals in postterm peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs from the Mid-Atlantic States, 1993–1999.

Author(s)
Clark, K.E., Zhao, Y. and Kane, C.M.
Issue
1
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success See citation Table 1 Hatched eggs from succesful clutches Number of eggs hatched Embryo 93 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
COPPER (elemental) 2.26 ± 0.10 µg/g Blood concentration B Juvenile 7 Bahia Salado Toxicity Factor Datasets CHILE
LEAD (elemental) 1.11 ± 0.06 µg/g Blood concentration B Juvenile 7 Bahia Salado Toxicity Factor Datasets CHILE
COPPER (elemental) Review Blood concentration Antofogasta region Toxicity Factor Datasets CHILE
LEAD (elemental) Review Blood concentration Antofogasta region Toxicity Factor Datasets CHILE
COPPER (elemental) Review Blood concentration San Diego Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
LEAD (elemental) Review Blood concentration San Diego Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
COPPER (elemental) Review Blood concentration Queensland Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
LEAD (elemental) Review Blood concentration Queensland Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
PCB Review Fat concentration NR 7 Baja California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
CHLORDANE Review Fat concentration NR 7 Baja California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
PBDE MIXTURE Review Fat concentration NR 1 Queensland Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
PCB Range: <1.6-26 ng/g Fat concentration M 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
PCB Range: <1.6-48.9 ng/g Fat concentration F 21 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
METHYLMERCURY See citation Figures 3 & 4 Feather concentration Not Reported 127 Gambinini Marsh, Mid-Petaluma Marsh, Black John Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets Sonoma USA
TIN, BUTYL Mono-octyltin: <0.26 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Dioctyltin: <0.09 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Trioctyltin: <0.56 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Total butyltins: 210 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Dioctyltin: <0.09 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
OXADIAZON 0.0 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult 16 3 sites in eastern AK Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE Alaska: 180, California: 135 ng/g lw Blood concentration B Juvenile Alaska: 14, California: 6 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN Alaska: 29, California: 77.5 ng/g lw Blood concentration B Juvenile Alaska: 14, California: 6 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN Alaska: 16, California: 36.3 ng/g lw Blood concentration F Adult Alaska: 38, California: 18 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDOSULFAN 15.5 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult 11 3 sites in eastern AK Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, PHENYL Diphenyltin: 1.9 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, OCTYL Mono-octyltin: 0.71 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Total octyltins: 0.35 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets RUSSIA
TIN, BUTYL Diphenyltin: <0.09 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PBDE MIXTURE 0.150 ng/g ww Fat concentration NR 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
MIREX Alaska: 0.0, California: 0.0 ng/g lw Blood concentration F Adult Alaska: 38, California: 18 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
CEFOVECIN 70.6 µg/mL Peak concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 7 Toxicity Factor Datasets Monterey USA
TIN, PHENYL Triphenyltin: <0.10 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, OCTYL Dioctyltin: 2.2 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN COMPOUNDS Total organotins: 36 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets RUSSIA
TIN, BUTYL Triphenyltin: <0.10 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MIREX 0.611 ng/g ww Fat concentration NR 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS 1.21 µg/g dw Egg concentration Embryo 3 Tijuana Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
OXADIAZON 0.0 ng/g lw Blood concentration F Adult 38 3 sites in eastern AK Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CEFOVECIN 0.017/h Elimination rate constant B Both Adults and Juveniles 7 Toxicity Factor Datasets Monterey USA
TIN, PHENYL Total phenyltins: 1.4 Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, OCTYL Trioctyltin: <0.56 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN COMPOUNDS Total tin: 0.61 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets RUSSIA
TIN, BUTYL Total phenyltins: <0.19 Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEXACHLOROBENZENE 0.251 ng/g ww Fat concentration NR 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental) 0.684 µg/g dw Egg concentration Embryo 3 Tijuana Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) 5.0 ng/g lw Blood concentration F Adult 38 3 sites in eastern AK Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CEFOVECIN 41.6 h Elimination half-life B Both Adults and Juveniles 7 Toxicity Factor Datasets Monterey USA
TIN, OCTYL Mono-octyltin: 0.51 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, OCTYL Total octyltins: 1.5 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Monobutyltin: 12 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Mono-octyltin: <0.26 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) Review Fat concentration NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE Alaska: 195, California: 345 ng/g lw Blood concentration B Juvenile Alaska: 14, California: 6 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB Alaska: 705, California: 650 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult Alaska: 16, California: 11 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB See citation; captive vs. free ranging Monocyte phagocytosis B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation California coast Toxicity Factor Datasets Monterey USA
TIN, OCTYL Dioctyltin: <0.09 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN COMPOUNDS Total organotins: 240 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Dibutyltin: 70 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Trioctyltin: <0.56 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB Review Fat concentration NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEXACHLOROBENZENE Alaska: 89, California: 11.4 ng/g lw Blood concentration B Juvenile Alaska: 14, California: 6 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) Alaska: 145, California: 8000 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult Alaska: 16, California: 11 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB See citation; captive vs. free ranging Neutrophil and monocyte respiratory burst B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation California coast Toxicity Factor Datasets Monterey USA
TIN, OCTYL Trioctyltin: <0.56 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN COMPOUNDS Total tin: 0.29 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Tributyltin: 51 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Total octyltins: <0.91 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) Review Fat concentration NR 7 Baja California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
CHLORPYRIFOS Alaska: NR, California: 39.2 ng/g lw Blood concentration B Juvenile Alaska: 14, California: 6 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE Alaska: 125, California: 31.0 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult Alaska: 16, California: 11 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB See citation; captive vs. free ranging Mitogen-induced (ConA) lymphocyte proliferation B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation California coast Toxicity Factor Datasets Monterey USA
TIN, OCTYL Total octyltins: 0.60 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Monobutyltin: 4.8 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets RUSSIA
TIN, BUTYL Total butyltins: 120 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN COMPOUNDS Total organotins: 210 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB Range: <1.6 ng/g Liver concentration M 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
MIREX Alaska: 0.0, California: ND ng/g lw Blood concentration B Juvenile Alaska: 14, California: 6 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE Alaska: 135, California: 170 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult Alaska: 16, California: 11 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
133 ± 18 beats/min Heart rate B Both Adults and Juveniles 35 Northern Pacific
Rim from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to
Attu Island, Alaska 		Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
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