Terrestrial birds

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Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Foraging Distance up to several hundred yards maximum observed distance travelled by birds from the nest Both Male and Female Adult 32 pairs (1 yr) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid Jul to early Sep period of departure from the breeding area by migrants Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Ecology of the peregrine falcon in northeastern Mexico

Author(s)
Lanning, Dirk V., Peter W. Lawson and W. Grainger Hunt
Pages
377-388
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Mar. time of mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr. Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Natural breeding performance of the peregrine falcon in New Mexico, 1979-1985

Author(s)
Johnson, Terrell H., Roger W. Skaggs, and Katherine E. Skaggs
Publisher
National Wildlife Federation
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.64 fledging rate per adult pair fledglings/pair Both Male and Female Adult, Juvenile 125 territories Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

The population biology of peregrine falcons in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, Gordon S., D. Mark Bradley, C. Cormack Gates, and David A. Boag
Pages
729-739
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.91 representative number of fledglings per nest attempt in a "normal year" fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 101 pairs Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Clutch or Litter Size 3.62 mean number of eggs laid per nest attempt eggs/clutch Female Adult 84 nest attempts Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding 0.59 SD
Citation:

Behavior of peregrines in winter in south Texas

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Jon Larrabee, Zach Jones, Chris Peper, and Chris Lepisto
Pages
93-98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density one bird/50 sq. km estimated minimum density Both Male and Female Adult 20 birds near the Laguna Madre Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success and eggshell thinning of a reestablished peregrine falcon population

Author(s)
Steidl, Robert J., Curtice R. Griffin, Lawrence J. Niles and Kathleen E. Clark
Pages
294-299
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.24 mean fledging rate for pairs fledging >1 young; estimated over a 10 yr period young fledged/pair Both Male and Female Adult 42 coastal habitats Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Longevity in a captive sparrow hawk

Author(s)
Kuyt, E.
Pages
197
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity 12 yr Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (157.5), reptiles (0), birds (272.4), mammals (221.8) amount of prey taken by prey weight g Male Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.7 fledged/successful nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 30 nests Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.1 fledged/active nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 36 nests Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

Fat content of American kestrels and sharp-shinned hawks estimated by total body electrical conductivity

Author(s)
Gessaman, J.A. and S.M. Harden
Pages
56-57
Year
Issue
1
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 6.01 percent body fat calculated from total body electrical conductivity % Male Adult 12 Cape May Exposure Factor Datasets migrating 1.92 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 8.51 percent body fat calculated from total body electrical conductivity % Female Adult 13 Cape May Exposure Factor Datasets migrating 2.00 SE
Citation:

Foraging strategies of American kestrels during breeding

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
1268-1276
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Foraging Distance distance foraged from nest km Female Adult 4 agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo Breeding
Citation:

Prediction of raptor resting metabolism: comparison of measured values with statistical and biophysical estimates

Author(s)
Hayes, Stephen R. and James A. Gessaman
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Surface Area 7.15 x 10E-3 dorsal surface area m^2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Surface Area 7.15 x 10E-3 ventral surface area m^2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Jun 20-Jun 22 dates of earliest and latest hatching Not Reported Nestling 11 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size observed range of movement, based on observations of individuals mi^2 Not Reported Adult 8 birds Superior Township Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean body weight at hatch g Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

A winter population study of the American kestrel in central Ohio

Author(s)
Mills, G. Scott
Pages
241-247
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Territory Size 1.4 average diameter of territories km Both Male and Female Adult 16 southcentral area, agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets wintering
Citation:

The hunting behavior of American kestrels: Applications of foraging theory

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri Gale
Pages
64
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition mammal (57%), insect (42%), other (1%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 59 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Metabolic responses of mourning doves to short-term food and temperature stresses in winter

Author(s)
Ivacic, Donald L. and Ronald F. Labisky
Pages
182-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 1.14 mean oxygen consumption during the light period at 10 deg C ml O2/g bw/hr Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 0.46 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive success of mourning doves near a nuclear generating plant

Author(s)
Faanes, Craig A.
Pages
201-204
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 mean clutch size Female Adult 524 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 49.4% proportion of active nests that successfully fledged young Both Male and Female Fledgling 524 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements of banded mourning doves near Turlock, California

Author(s)
Channing, Edward
Pages
23-35
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal winter time of northward movement Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Turlock area Exposure Factor Datasets Merced, Stanislaus
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review time of fall and spring migration Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 55.2% percent of nests in which at least one egg hatched % Both Male and Female Adult 335 nest attempts near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Hatching Success 67.1% percent of eggs laid that hatched % Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Nesting habits of the mourning dove in Alabama

Author(s)
Pearson, Allen M. and George C. Moore
Pages
468-473
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 226 (both eggs); 56 (one egg) number of nests in which one or both eggs hatched Not Reported Hatchling 592 nests near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Fledgling 136 nests near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Minnesota

Author(s)
Harris, Stanley W., Marius A. Morse, and William H. Longley
Pages
150-172
Year
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 37.3% (before hatch), 9.2% (after hatch) percent of eggs or young lost before and after hatch Both Male and Female Embryo, Juvenile 634 eggs Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in a cold desert ecosystem

Author(s)
Howe, Frank P. and Lester D. Flake
Pages
467-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.02 density of nests nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult 15 plots Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Crop milk and clutch size in mourning doves

Author(s)
Blockstein, David E.
Pages
11-25
Year
Issue
1
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2 clutch size in 97.2% of observed nests Female Adult 1203 nests J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting March-September period of active nesting Both Male and Female Adult 648 nests Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Nesting success and habitat relationships of burrowing owls in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Green, Gregory A and Robert G. Anthony
Pages
347-354
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50-57% percent of occupied nests that fledged young Both Male and Female Adult 63-76 nests Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition arthropods (92%), vertebrates (8%) percent occurrence in diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Not Reported 5,559 pellets Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology and behavior

Author(s)
Martin, Dennis J.
Pages
446-456
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal August (begin) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying third week of March (begin) Female Adult 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal Sep, Jan Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt Jul (begin) Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Clutch or Litter Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Physiological and physical aspects of temperature regulation in the burrowing owl Speotyto cunicularia

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
307-337
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Inhalation Rate 25 average breathing rate at ambient temperatures below body temperature breaths/min Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Inhalation Rate 340 breathing rate with heat loading (gular flutter onset) breaths/min Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Reversed sexual size dimorphism: its effect on prey selection by the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

Author(s)
Longland, William S.
Pages
395-398
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.13%), Microtus montanus (0.14%), Perognathus parvus (0.02%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.50%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.21%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Female Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.11%), Microtus montanus (0.12%), Perognathus parvus (0.03%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.63%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.10%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Male Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Hatching Success 2.67 average number of young hatched hatches/nest Not Reported Nestling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.67 average number of young fledged fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 11 percent of eggs that failed to hatch Not Reported Nestling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2 number of fledglings produced per pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 914.2 (pallascens), 991.7 (pacificus), 1154.3 (occidentalis), 1317.8 (virgianus), 1238.6 (wapacuthu) Body weight means for 5 subspecies g Male Adult 10-26 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1142.2 (pallascens), 1312.4 (pacificus), 1555.1 (occidentalis), 1768.5 (virgianus), 1556.0 (wapacuthu) body weight means for 5 subspecies g Female Adult 12-29 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Factors influencing respiratory rates in four species of raptors

Author(s)
Daniels, Kathleen and G.E. Duke
Pages
703-706
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 19.1 mean resting respiratory rate #/min Not Reported Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets crippled, non-releasable 3.28 SD Laboratory

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Delayed nesting decreases reproductive success in northern flickers: implications for competition with European starlings

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
321-326
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.71 average size of clutches laid late in the breeding season (1990-92,1994) eggs/clutch Female Adult 7 clutches New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 5.27 average number of nestlings from clutches laid early in the breeding season (1990-1992, 1994) nestlings/clutch Not Reported Nestling 11 clutches New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Age at Sexual Maturity review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Traill's flycatcher breeding biology

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
50-68
Year
Issue
3
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 12.3 d Both Male and Female Fledgling 82 chicks Toledo, Wooster, OH Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Citation:

Nest success and age-specific mortality in Traill's flycatchers

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
837-841
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality see figure in citation figure showing percent survival over time of eggs and nestlings Not Reported Embryo, Nestling 272 eggs, 91 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Migration of the willow flycatcher along the middle Rio Grande

Author(s)
Yong, Wang, and Deborah M. Finch
Pages
253-268
Year
Issue
2
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 13.07 mean body weight of traillii subspecies g Not Reported Adult 7 captures Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.84 SD
Citation:

Effects of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds on willow flycatcher nesting success along the Kern River, California

Author(s)
Harris, John H.
Pages
13-26
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 16% Percent of nests that fledged young Not Reported Fledgling 19 nests Kern River Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

A high incidence of brown-headed cowbird parasitism of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Sedgwick, James A. and Fritz L. Knopf
Pages
253-256
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 56.3% percent of unparasitized nests with at least one fledgling Not Reported Fledgling 16 nests Illinois River, Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge (elev. 2,500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Time and energy budgets of the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) during the breeding season

Author(s)
Ettinger, Amelia O. and James R. King
Pages
533-546
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Metabolic Rate total daily energy expenditure kJ/h Male Adult 2-4 birds per breeding phase Hudson Biological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets breeding

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

A field test of the variable circular-plot censusing technique in a California coastal scrub breeding bird community

Author(s)
DeSante, David F.
Pages
177-185
Publisher
Cooper Ornithological Society; Studies in Avian Biology No. 6
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 2.2 breeding density estimate birds/36 ha Male Adult 6 territories Palomarin Field Station, Point Reyes Bird Observatory Exposure Factor Datasets Marin breeding
Citation:

Flock size, composition, and behavior in a population of bushtits (Psaltriparus minimus)

Author(s)
Ervin, Stephen
Pages
97-191
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Foraging Distance See figure figure showing mapping of approximate ranges of two flocks during one season Both Male and Female Not Reported 2 flocks University of California campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara nonbreeding

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The effects of fencelines on the reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
281-285
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning range of average nestling periods, in two habitats, for successful nests d Not Reported Fledgling 64 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 1.8 average number of hatchlings per nest hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 64 clutches, 245 eggs Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 SD
Citation:

Nesting habits of the California shrike

Author(s)
Atkinson, William A.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying late Feb-early Apr period of egg laying Female Adult 1 pair, 4 years Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 9 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 60 average percent of nests that fledged at least 1 young, 4 years % Not Reported Fledgling 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 101 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of young surviving to fledge per nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Breeding behavior of the bell vireo in southern Indiana

Author(s)
Nolan, Val, Jr.
Pages
225-244
Year
Issue
4
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size nesting territory size ac Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying May 25, 26 (first clutch); June 10, 17 (second clutch) initiation dates of first and second clutches Both Male and Female Adult 2 nests Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4 (+/-4) mean nest densities in strip cover along fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 35 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. I. Temporal Organization of the breeding cycle

Author(s)
Wingfield, John C.
Pages
406-416
Year
Issue
3
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Molt 9 August-10 November includes prebasic molt Both Male and Female Not Reported about 10 Rockefeller University field research center Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Stability, regulation, and the determination of abundance in an insular song sparrow population

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter, James N. M. Smith, Wesley M. Hochachka, Christopher M. Rogers, and Donald Ludwig
Pages
805-822
Year
Issue
3
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Mar-July Both Male and Female Not Reported 15 years Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13 for clutches with 1-5 eggs d Both Male and Female Not Reported 15 years Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 15.55 mean mass of nestlings 6 d old; no suppl. food g Not Reported Nestling 60 nestlings Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.31 SE
Body Weight - Mean 4.43 mean mass of nestlings with suppl. food 1 d old; g Not Reported Nestling 13 nestlings Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.31 SE
Citation:

Seed preferences and digestive efficiency of cardinals and song sparrows

Author(s)
Willson, Mary F., and Janet C. Harmeson
Pages
225-234
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 412 (foxtail); or 468 (smartweed); or 85 (hemp); or 3943 (pigweed) estimated number of seeds per hour required at 0 degrees C for active individuals seeds/hour Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets active Laboratory
Citation:

Song sparrows grow and shrink with age

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M., Peter Arcese, and Dolph Schluter
Pages
210-212
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Body Weight - Mean g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 11-37 birds Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets 9 - >90 wks CANADA
Citation:

Reproductive success of grassland birds at east-central Illinois airports

Author(s)
Kershner, Eric L., and Eric K. Bollinger
Pages
358-366
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.44 proportion of nests that fledged at least one young Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests airports in east-central IL Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1.69 (40) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Meadowlarks feeding on roadkills

Author(s)
Hubbard, John P. and Claudia L. Hubbard
Pages
107-108
Year
Issue
1
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mourning dove item found in stomach analysis Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird New Mexico State Hwy 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grain (30.8), weed seed (5.3), miscell. vegetable (0.6), Coleoptera (21.3), Orthoptera (20.3), Lepidoptera (12.2), Hemiptera (1.7), Hymenoptera (5.6), Diptera (0.1), Arachnida (0.2), miscell. insects (1.9) percent contribution to the diet by volume, based on stomach content analyses % Not Reported Not Reported ~2,000 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of two sagebrush control methods on nongame birds

Author(s)
Castrale, John S.
Pages
945-952
Year
Issue
4
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of mean breeding bird densities on three grassland-sagebrush sites (over two years) territories/16 ha Both Male and Female Adult 3 sites Wasatch National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting first two weeks of May peak time of nest initiation Both Male and Female Adult 46 nests near Delta, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

Breeding ecology of a willow flycatcher population in Grand Canyon, Arizona

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
25-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 2-July 10 estimated length of breeding season (period when eggs or young are in the nest) Both Male and Female Adult 6 sampling yrs Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Empidonax traillii extimus: An endangered subspecies

Author(s)
Unitt, Philip
Pages
137-162
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 1 estimated beginning of nesting based on historic egg collections Both Male and Female Adult 187 dated egg sets coastal southern CA; Colorado River; upper San Pedro River, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets

San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows part I. Environment and annual cycle

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
24-44
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality mortality of young birds based on number of eggs/season; in relation to high tides % Not Reported Chick 349 eggs San Pablo Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
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