Time of Nesting

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American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

The phenology of the nesting season of the American Robin (Turdus migratorius) in the United States.

Author(s)
James, F.C. and Shugart, H.H.
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Nesting Begin date for period containing 90% of nests with young Date See Table 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Time of Nesting End date for period containing 90% of nests with young Date See Table 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Reproduction of American robin (Turdus migratorius) in a suburban environment.

Author(s)
Morneau, F., Lépine, C., Décarie, R., Villard, M.A. and DesGranges, J.L.
Issue
1
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Nesting See Figure 1 41 nests Montreal Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA
Citation:

Notes on reproductive activities of robins in Iowa and Illinois.

Author(s)
Klimstra, W.D. and Stieglitz, W.O.
Issue
4
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting Carbondale area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Nesting Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Offspring size as an index of habitat degradation.

Author(s)
Warkentin, I.G., Reed, J.M. and Dunham, S.M.
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Time of Nesting San Juan: May 22; Stewart: May 27; Clear: June 5 NR Adult Not reported Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA San Juan: 2 d; Stewart: 4 d; Clear: 4 d

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:

Colony turnover, nest success and productivity, and causes of nest failure among wading birds (Ciconiiformes) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida (1989-1992).

Author(s)
Smith, J.P. and Collopy, M.W.
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting March 10-22 B Adult See citation Lake Okeechobee Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Status, trends, and implications for the conservation of heron and egret nesting colonies in the San Francisco Bay area.

Author(s)
Kelly, J.P., Etienne, K., Strong, C., McCaustland, M. and Parkes, M.L
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Nesting See citation Figure 10 Intraseasonal nesting activity indexed by mean % nests San Francisco bay area Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Breeding biology of five species of herons in coastal Florida.

Author(s)
Maxwell, G.R. and Kale, H.W.
Issue
4
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting See citation Table 3 Days between eggs laid Days Embryo 71 nests Riomar Island, Indian River County Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)

Citation:

Turkey vulture breeding behavior studied with trail cameras. 

Author(s)
Rollack, C.E., Wiebe, K., Stoffel, M.J. and Houston, C.S.
Issue
2
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Nesting 2009: April 20-May 31, 2010: Aprl 19-May 12, 2011: April 21-May 24 Pre-incubation B Adult 5 nests Saskatchewan Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:

Nesting ecology of East Pacific green turtles at Playa Cabuyal, Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica.

Author(s)
Santidrián Tomillo, P., Roberts, S.A., Hernández, R., Spotila, J.R. and Paladino, F.V.
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type Countries Error
Time of Nesting 15.4 Successional clutch interval d Playa Cabuyal, NW Costa Rica Exposure Factor Datasets COSTA RICA 2.9
Citation:

Breeding biology and hatching success of Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Aves Island Wildlife Refuge, Venezuela, during the 2010 reproductive season.

Author(s)
Prieto-Torres, D.A. and Hernández-Rangel, J.
Issue
4
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting 12.4 Successive clutch interval days F Adult 2261 clutches Aves Island Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets VENEZUELA
Citation:

Population trends and survival of nesting green sea turtles Chelonia mydas on Aves Island, Venezuela.

Author(s)
García-Cruz, M.A., Lampo, M., Peñaloza, C.L., Kendall, W.L., Solé, G. and Rodríguez-Clark, K.M.
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting 11 Successive clutch interval Days between cluthces F Adult 7689 females, 8658 clutches Aves Island Exposure Factor Datasets VENEZUELA
Citation:

Nesting of Pacific Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus 1758) at Playa Matapalo, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

Author(s)
Lopez, R.U.
Volume
142
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting Review: October-March F Adult 117 nests Matapalo beach, Guanacaste Exposure Factor Datasets COSTA RICA
Citation:

The value of long-term, community-based monitoring of marine turtle nesting: a study in the Lamu archipelago, Kenya.

Author(s)
Olendo, M.I., Okemwa, G.M., Munga, C.N., Mulupi, L.K., Mwasi, L.D., Mohamed, H.B., Sibanda, M. and Ong'anda, H.O.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Nesting 55.5 Mean annual incubation duration days Embryo 1971 nests Lamu archipelago Exposure Factor Datasets KENYA 0.05
Citation:

Nesting activity of sea turtles, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)(Reptilia, Cheloniidae), at Patara Beach (Antalya, Turkey) over four nesting seasons.

Author(s)
Olgun, K., Bozkurt, E., Ceylan, S., Tural, M., Özcan, S., Karasuleymanoglu, K.Ş. and Geroglu, Y.
Issue
2
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Nesting June-July 3 nests Patara Beach Exposure Factor Datasets TURKEY
Time of Nesting 50 Mean annual incubation duration days Embryo 3 nests Patara Beach Exposure Factor Datasets TURKEY 3.844
Citation:

Inter-nesting behavioural adjustments of green turtles to an estuarine habitat in French Guiana.

Author(s)
Chambault, P., De Thoisy, B., Kelle, L., Berzins, R., Bonola, M., Delvaux, H., Le Maho, Y. and Chevallier, D.
Volume
555
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Time of Nesting 2012: 12.8, 2014: 12.6 Inter-nesting interval d F Adult 2012: 2329, 2014: 2160 Maroni River estuary Exposure Factor Datasets Gravid SURINAME 2012: 1, 2014: 1.4

California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

Citation:

Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

Author(s)
Eddleman, W. R., R. E. Flores and M. Legare.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type
Time of Nesting Review Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range size, nest-site selection and nesting success of Black Rails in Florida.

Author(s)
Legare, M.L. and Eddleman, W.R.
Issue
1
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting May 1-August 22 Adult 19 Jena, Dixie County Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Assessing the breeding success of the western grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) after 40 years of environmental changes at Delta Marsh, Manitoba.

Author(s)
Porte, N.L., Koper, N. and Leston, L.
Issue
1
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting See citation Table 1 Nest initation dates Adult Delta Marsh, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus)

Citation:

Demography of snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) on the Missouri River.

Author(s)
Hunt, K.L., Taygan, N., Catlin, D.H., Felio, J.H. and Fraser, J.D.
Issue
2
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting B Adult 11 nests Lewis and Clark Lake Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Status of breeding and wintering snowy plovers in San Diego County, California, 1994–1999.

Author(s)
Powell, A.N., Fritz, C.L., Peterson, B.L. and Terp, J.M.
Issue
2
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Time of Nesting See citation Figure 3 B Adult 801 nests Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego USA

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The indirect effects of climate variability on the reproductive dynamics and productivity of an avian predator in the arid Southwest.

Author(s)
Borgman, C.C. and Wolf, B.O.
Issue
1
Volume
180
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Nesting April 27-28 (117.4 Julian day) Mean initiation date B Adult 147 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Breeding biology of an interior least tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos) colony in Childress County of North Texas.

Author(s)
Conway, W.C., Smith, L.M. and Ray, J.D.
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting June 1-July 10 Nest initiation 20 nests Priarie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in Childress County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Breeding ecology of interior least terns on the unregulated Yellowstone River, Montana

Author(s)
Bacon, Lynn M., and Jay J. Rotella
Pages
391-401
Year
Issue
3
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 16, June 30, July 1 mean nest-initiation dates over 3 years of study Both Male and Female Adult 6-17 nests/study year Yellowstone River Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata)

Citation:

Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, trace elements and metals in western pond turtle eggs from Oregon.

Author(s)
Henny, C.J., Beal, K.F., Bury, R.B. and Goggans, R.
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Nesting June 4-July 18 Adult 17 Fern Ridge Resevoir Exposure Factor Datasets Gravid USA
Citation:

Terrestrial habitat use by Pacific pond turtles in a Mediterranean climate.

Author(s)
Rathbun, G.B., Scott Jr, N.J. and Murphey, T.G.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Time of Nesting May 28-June 30 Adult 15 Cambria Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo Gravid USA

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

Breeding ecology of a willow flycatcher population in Grand Canyon, Arizona

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
25-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 2-July 10 estimated length of breeding season (period when eggs or young are in the nest) Both Male and Female Adult 6 sampling yrs Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Empidonax traillii extimus: An endangered subspecies

Author(s)
Unitt, Philip
Pages
137-162
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting June 1 estimated beginning of nesting based on historic egg collections Both Male and Female Adult 187 dated egg sets coastal southern CA; Colorado River; upper San Pedro River, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April 26 - June 6 Not Reported prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E. and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
38-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April 15 (begin) - May 20 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Chippewa National Forest, east of Bemidji Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting April-September period between first observed nest to last observed hatches Female Adult 209 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

Laying dates, clutch size and egg weight of captive mallards

Author(s)
Batt, Bruce D.J., and Harold H. Prince
Pages
35-41
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Nesting April-June date of nest initiation Female Adult 151 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Time of Nesting April-June time from earliest clutch laid to last clutch hatched Female Adult Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting Mar-Aug length of nesting period Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting first two weeks of May peak time of nest initiation Both Male and Female Adult 46 nests near Delta, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting mid-Feb to Jun 20 period from first territory selection to last brood fledged Both Male and Female Adult 15 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting Mar 12 - Jun 4 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting May 20 to Jul 20 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult 11 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April - June Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting April 18 to July 6 period between beginning of egg laying and observation of first fledgling for one year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive cycle of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
Rostal, David C., Valentine A. Lance, Janice S. Grumbles and Allison C. Alberts
Pages
72-82
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Nesting May-July Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting Mar-Sep period from beginning to end of nesting Both Male and Female Adult 335 nest attempts near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Minnesota

Author(s)
Harris, Stanley W., Marius A. Morse, and William H. Longley
Pages
150-172
Year
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April-October period from onset of egg laying through fledging Both Male and Female Adult ~81 nests/year Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting March-September period of active nesting Both Male and Female Adult 648 nests Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth and calculation of age in mourning dove nestlings

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C. and Michael Jaeger
Pages
843-852
Year
Issue
4
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April 20-September 20 period during which active nests were observed Both Male and Female Adult 121 nests Fremont and Waterloo areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning dove production in four Idaho orchards and some possible implications

Author(s)
Fichter, Edson
Pages
438-447
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting latter two-thirds of July time of peak nesting activity Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting mid-March to September 20 nesting season duration (peaks in July) Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Nesting phenology of the double-crested cormorant

Author(s)
Kushlan, James A. and Linda C. McEwan
Pages
201-206
Year
Issue
2
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting year-round time during which active nests were observed Both Male and Female Adult 30 colonies south FL Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April-June period during which nest initiations were observed Both Male and Female Adult 296-424 nests/year San Francisco Bay estuary Exposure Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting Mar. - June time when eggs were laid to time when all young abandoned nests Female Adult 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting April beginning of nesting Not Reported Not Reported 1 marsh Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
218-225
Year
Issue
2
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting mid-April to early May time of nest excavation starts Both Male and Female Adult 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting early May to late June time of incubation Both Male and Female Adult 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting May-August inclusive of pairing through departure from nesting territory Both Male and Female Adult 15 birds Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
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