Foraging Distance
Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 20 | km | NR | Not Reported | NR | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | See citation Figure 3 | By location | km | F | Adult | Sites varied 5-16 | Maternity roosts at 3 sites | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 431 | Median relocation distance: between summer roosts | km | B | Adult | 41 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Foraging Distance | 315 | Median relocation distance: between hibernacula | km | B | Adult | 1349 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Foraging Distance | 314 | Median relocation distance: between swarm and hibernacula | km | B | Adult | 43 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Foraging Distance | 463 | Median relocation distance: between summer roost and hibernacula | km | B | Adult | 41 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Foraging Distance | 298 | Median relocation distance: between swarm and summer roost | km | B | Adult | 43 | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Spotted Bat (Euderma maculatum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 300 | Max observed | m | F | Adult | 1 | Okanagan Valley, Britist Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | Pregnant | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 38.5 | km from roost | F | Adult | 1 | North Kaibab Rnager District, Kaibab National Forest | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | m | NR | Not Reported | Not reported | Okanagan Valley, Britist Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Townsend's Big-Eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 3.2 | Center of activity | km from roost | F | Adult | 14 | Olema Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin | USA | 0.5 |
| Foraging Distance | 1.3 | Center of activity | km from roost | M | Adult | 3 | Olema Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin | USA | 0.2 |
Lesser Long-Nosed Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 39.7-49.4 | Round trip commute to foraging area from roost | km | F | Adult | NR | Cueva El Pinacate | Exposure Factor Datasets | Pregnant and lactating | MEXICO |
Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana boylii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 71.3 | Distance from creek | m | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | Sulphur Creek, Ukiah | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino | USA |
Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 6.2 | Mean flight distance | km | NR | Not Reported | 28 | North Indian River Lagoon | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | 0.46 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | Dispersal movement | km | B | Juvenile | 31 | Marsh islands near Chincoteague | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 2005: 23.1, 2006: 31.6 | Distance moved between daily observations | m | M | Adult | 2005: 1, 2006: 1 | Gambinini Marsh, 38⁰ 12' N, 122⁰ 35' W1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma | USA | 2005: 3.7, 2006: 6.4 |
| Foraging Distance | 24.3 | Distance moved between daily observations | m | F | Adult | 1 | Gambinini Marsh, 38⁰ 12' N, 122⁰ 35' W1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma | USA | 3.8 |
| Foraging Distance | 2005: 42.2, 2006: 25.8 | Distance moved between daily observations | m | M | Adult | 2005: 5, 2006: 6 | Mid-Petaluma Marsh, 38⁰ 11' N, 122⁰ 33' W | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma | USA | 2005: 4.0, 2006: 1.8 |
| Foraging Distance | 2005: 38.3, 2006: 20.2 | Distance moved between daily observations | m | F | Adult | 2005: 4, 2006: 4 | Mid-Petaluma Marsh, 38⁰ 11' N, 122⁰ 33' W | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma | USA | 2005: 4.8, 2006: 1.6 |
| Foraging Distance | 2005: 20.0, 2006: 26.8 | Distance moved between daily observations | m | M | Adult | 2005: 4, 2006: 6 | Black John Slough, 38⁰ 08' N, 122⁰ 31' W | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma | USA | 2005: 1.6, 2006: 2.0 |
| Foraging Distance | 2005: 26.9, 2006: 23.4 | Distance moved between daily observations | m | F | Adult | 2005: 7, 2006: 4 | Black John Slough, 38⁰ 08' N, 122⁰ 31' W | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma | USA | 2005: 2.2, 2006: 1.9 |
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 4th d post-fledge: 50, 18th d: 592 | Distance traveled by fledglings | m | B | Fledgling | Risk Creek, British Columbia (51⁰52'N, 122⁰21'W) |
Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 4th d post-fledge: 232, 18th d: 353 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | range of distances between night roost location and the following day's locations | km | Not Reported | Adult | 4 birds, 20-99 radio fixes per bird | Lakewood, Jefferson County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 397 | Distance moved from nest post-fledging | m | M | Juvenile | 8 | El Centro | Exposure Factor Datasets | Imperial | USA | 124 |
| Foraging Distance | 1762 | Distance moved from nest post-fledging | m | F | Juvenile | 21 | El Centro | Exposure Factor Datasets | Imperial | USA | 630 |
Pine Snake (Pituophis melanoleucus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | See citation | Mean distance per day | m | B | 17 | Pine Barrens | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | B | 14 | Pine Barrens | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | See citation | Mean distance per movement event | m/d | B | 9 | Arnold Air Force Base | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | Review | Mean distance traveled from breeding site | B | Not Reported | 404 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | up to several hundred yards | maximum observed distance travelled by birds from the nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | 32 pairs (1 yr) | Gibraltar Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | distance flown from night roosts to feeding sites | km | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Jackson County (elev. 430 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 12 | km | Adult | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.4 | Butte |
California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | foraging distance from nesting sites | mi | Not Reported | Adult | 10-11 surveys/site | Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles, Orange |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 3.8 | foraging distance in grazed corn stubble; for foraging distance over other types of terrain, see table 3, p. 1050 | km | Not Reported | Not Reported | 66 | Platte River between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.4 SE |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 6.5 | maximum distance travelled from a fence post to a prey item on ground | m | Not Reported | Adult | 21 territories | Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Foraging Distance | 9.2 | maximum distance travelled from a cabbage palm to a prey item on ground | m | Not Reported | Adult | 21 territories | Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid | Exposure Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | distance foraged from nest | km | Female | Adult | 4 | agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | Breeding |
Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 3 | max. distance travelled from roost during foraging | km | Not Reported | Adult | 150 bats | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding | MEXICO |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 15.7 | mean distance travelled from night roost to foraging site | km | Both Male and Female | Adult | 33 birds | Mississippi River Delta | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.0 SE |
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | minimum distances moved by individuals on one trap night | m | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 5 males, 6 females | Owens Valley (1,220 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo |
Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 42 | maximum foraging distance from burrow | m | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare |
Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | < 50 | maximum distance moved by individuals in one trap night | m | Not Reported | Not Reported | 219 | Owens Valley (1,220 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo |
California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | distance travelled by radiotagged bird | km/day | Not Reported | Juvenile | 1 bird | south Monterey Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 9.2 | maximum distance travelled from nest cliff | km | Female | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
| Foraging Distance | 11.1-16.4 | maximum distance travelled from nest cliff | km | Male | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 7.5-28.0 | range of distances between the most distant locations | km | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8 birds | near the Laguna Madre | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. vallicola)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | range of average foraging diameters for rabbits with 5 recapture rates, overall range 30 - 1450 ft. | ft | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 - 39 | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 54.2 | km | Female | Adult | 9 | Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | post-partum | 32.4 SD |
Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | See figure | figure showing mapping of approximate ranges of two flocks during one season | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 2 flocks | University of California campus | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara | nonbreeding |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 0.25 | typical maximum distance between two roosting sites | mi | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11 home ranges | Superior and Ann Arbor townships | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 177 | median foraging distance from nest | m | Female | Adult | 192 observations | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 25%-75% quartiles=64-466 |
| Foraging Distance | 272 | median foraging distance from nest | m | Male | Adult | 266 observations | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 25%-75% quartiles=110-580 |