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| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | Aug. | Not Reported | Hatchling | San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 15.3 | average snout-vent length = 75mm | g | Not Reported | Adult | San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Body Weight - Mean | 11.1 | average snout-vent length = 67mm | g | Not Reported | Adult | Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Nov.-Feb. | Not Reported | Adult | Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Nov. - Mar. | Not Reported | Adult | San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutches or Litters per year | 1-3 | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutches or Litters per year | 1-2 | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.728 | spring-summer survival (proportion) | 0.079 (SE) | Female | Yearling | Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba | 1,246 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.915 | summer to spring survival (proportion) | 0.090 (SE) | Female | Adult | Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba | 11,139 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 574.7-1182.8 g/wk | range of mean food consumption over the breeding period | Both Male and Female | Adult | 90 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 43.9% | nest success rate (Mayfield method) among overwater nests | Female | Adult | Minnedosa, Manitoba | 47 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Hatching Success | 12.2% | nest success rate (Mayfield method) among upland nests | Female | Adult | Minnedosa, Manitoba | 49 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | plant (82.9-98.4%), and invertebrates (1.6-17.1%) | ranges of mean aggregate percent dry mass (stomach contents of ducks from different habitats) | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge | 123 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Molt | July 21-27 | mean annual date of molt initiation (over 3 yr) | Male | Adult | 126 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Molt | July 30-August 10 | mean annual date of molt initiation (over 3 yr) | Female | Adult | 131 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 314,712 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Sacramento Valley | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 30,438 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | San Joaquin Valley | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 15,221 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Suisun Marsh | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 4,667 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | San Francisco Delta | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 389 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Imperial and Coachella Valleys | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 85.2% | proportion of observed nests with at least one successful hatch | Female | Adult | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | 209 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Nesting | April-September | period between first observed nest to last observed hatches | Female | Adult | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | 209 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 8.9 | mean clutch size of successful nests | eggs | Female | Adult | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | 178 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Hatching Success | 91.4% | Mean hatch success of successful nests | Female | Adult | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | 178 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | May-July | Female | Adult | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | May 22 to July 10 | timing of departure from breeding grounds | Female | Adult | Suisun Marsh, Grizzly Island | 34 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | total plant seeds (19.3%), total grain (5.7%), acorns (64.5%), total vegetation (0.9%), tubers/rhizomes (5.1%), invertebrates (4.6%) | mean aggregate % dry mass of foods collected in mallard stomachs (one season) | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | Mingo National Wildlife Refuge | 104 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | y = 1.970 - 0.054x (r-squared = 0.932) | metabolic rate (ml O^2/g/h)-ambient temperature (celcius) relationship | Male | Juvenile | 20 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Metabolic Rate | y = 1.780 - 0.052x (r-squared = 0.882) | metabolic rate (ml O^2/g/h)-ambient temperature (celcius) relationship | Female | Juvenile | 20 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.377 | estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) | 0.046 (SE) | Male | Juvenile | Malheur National Wildlife Refuge | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.628 | estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) | 0.035 (SE) | Male | Adult | Malheur National Wildlife Refuge | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.569 | estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) | 0.105 (SE) | Female | Juvenile | Malheur National Wildlife Refuge | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.586 | estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) | 0.081 (SE) | Female | Adult | Malheur National Wildlife Refuge | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 10.4 | mean clutch size from first nesting attempt | 0.2 (SE) | eggs | Female | Adult | 151 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.7 | litter size estimated from counts of uterine scars and embryos | 0.7 SE | 3 - 7 | #/litter | Female | Adult | salt marsh, San Pablo and San Francisco Bays | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Insecta (51.8%); Arachnida (11.2%); Amphibia (2.8%); Diploda (1.3%); Gastropoda (1.3%); Crustacea (1.4%);Teleosts (1.1%); Mammalia (0.2%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (0.2%); Pebbles and sand (3.4%); Vegetative material (12.5%); Digested material (11.6%) | % occurrence of item; obtained by dividing # of a specific item taken by total # of items; based on stomach contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | ponds, Hanover County | 129 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Dietary Composition | Insecta (20.6%); Arachnida (4.8%); Amphibia (27.4%); Diploda (0.3%); Gastropoda (1.0%); Crustacea (4.3%);Teleosts (0.6%); Mammalia (5.0%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (6.4%); Pebbles and sand (8.0%); Vegetative material (12.3%); Digested material (7.3%) | % weight of an item; obtained by dividing the weight of a specific item by the total weight of all items; obtained from stomach contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | ponds, Hanover County | 129 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 0.4 | average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 17.5 g | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | ponds, Hanover County | 78 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 2.33 | average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 106.3 g | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | ponds, Hanover County | 42 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 4.6 | average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 248.7 g | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | ponds, Hanover County | 18 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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