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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported preirrigated croplands Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.07 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported evaporation ponds Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported miscellaneous Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 61 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 56 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 47 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolizable energy of small grains for mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G.
Pages
781-785
Year
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 43.35 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Male Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 38.01 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Female Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E. and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
38-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.713 survival rate Female Both Adults and Juveniles Chippewa National Forest Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Enhydra lutris

Citation:

Food selection and some foraging tactics of sea otters

Author(s)
Estes, J.A., R.J. Jameson and A.M. Johnson
Pages
606-641
Publisher
Worldwide Furbearer Conference, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition unidentifed crab (11.5%), pugettia (8.9%), cancer species (11.0%), unidentified abalone (0.7%), red abalone (1.0%), black abalone (0%), clam (2.9%), turbon snail (12.0%), kelp and holdfasts (0.2%), unidentifed (37.7%), mussel (2.6%), annelid (1.0%), limpet (0.2%), scallop (0%), octopus (6.2%), red urchin (0%), cucumaria (0.2%), purple uechin (1.0%), pisaster species (1.7%), barnacle (1.2%) dietary composition for adults % Both Male and Female Adult Piedras Blancas 608 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition unidentifed crab (15.0%), pugettia (4.5%), cancer species (6.8%), unidentified abalone (0%), red abalone (0%), black abalone (0%), clam (0.8%), turbon snail (19.6%), kelp and holdfasts (0%), unidentifed (42.9%), mussel (0.8%), annelid (0%), limpet (0%), scallop (0%), octopus (0.8%), red urchin (6.0%), cucumaria (0%), purple urchin (2.3%), pisaster species (0.8%), barnacle (0%) dietary composition for juveniles % Both Male and Female Juvenile Piedras Blancas 156 Exposure Factor Datasets

Lithobates catesbeianus

Citation:

The reproductive behavior of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Ryan, Michael J.
Pages
108-114
Year
Volume
1980
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Territory Size 4.1 Mean distance between territorial males m Male Adult Basking Pond, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Morris County 31 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 7,360 Number of eggs in a 10x10cm area used to estimate eggs per mass 741.7 SE #/egg mass Female Adult Basking Pond, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Morris County 36 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr - June Female Adult Basking Pond, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Morris County 36 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Emergence, breeding, hibernation, movements and transformation of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in Missouri

Author(s)
Willis, Yuell L., Don L. Moyle, and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
30-41
Year
Volume
1956
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May (begin), June (peak), Aug. (end) Measured as examining percentage of females with gonads in different developmental stages Female Adult farm ponds, Boone County 350 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Mar. Not Reported Adult farm ponds, Boone County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range distance of pond shoreline used > 80 - 90 ft Not Reported Adult farm ponds, Boone County 31 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis May (begin), July-Aug. (peak), Oct. (end) Not Reported Tadpole farm ponds, Boone County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life period, growth and differentiation of Rana catesbeiana larvae occurring in nature

Author(s)
Viparina, Sally and John J. Just
Pages
103-109
Year
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean Range of means 0.5 - 5.4 g Not Reported Tadpole ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] 41 - 194 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean Range of means 20 - 36 g Not Reported Tadpole ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] 23 - 235 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis June (begin), July - Aug. (peak), Oct. (end) Tadpole transformation determined by presence of Taylor-Kollros stages XIX - XXIV Not Reported Tadpole 3500 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning Time to transformation after hatching from eggs 12 - 14 mo Not Reported Tadpole ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] 3500 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 5 Average age at maturity, measured in years post-transformation yr Female Adult Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 567 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 Average age at maturity, measured in years post-transformation yr Male Adult Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 567 Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity Maximum estimated age 8 - 10 yr Both Male and Female Adult Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 567 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0653 0.01465 SE mm/d Both Male and Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.1056 0.01427 SE mm/d Both Male and Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 34 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.1322 0.1109 SE mm/d Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 44 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.1353 0.01079 SE mm/d Male Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 46 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0930 0.02287 SE mm/d Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 14 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0841 0.01882 SE mm/d Male Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.1250 0.02155 SE mm/d Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 10 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0697 0.03720 SE mm/d Male Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0449 0.00996 SE mm/d Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate -0.0043 0.33534 SE mm/d Male Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0466 0.02093 SE mm/d Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0038 0.01654 SE mm/d Male Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0304 0.02256 SE mm/d Female Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of temperature acclimation on oxygen consumption, haemodyamics and oxygen transport in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Weathers, Wesley W.
Pages
321-330
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 15.5 Oxygen consumption measured at 5C, frogs acclimated at 5C, mean body weight = 646 g (25.5 SE) 1.2 SE ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
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