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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIELDRIN no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose 0, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) DDT <0.1, DDE 0.2 - 1.2 ug/g dry wt @ 0 ppm; DDT 0.3 - 4.2, DDE 1.0 - 12.7 @ 2 ppm; DDT 1.3 - 25.0, DDE 5.0 - 110.1 @ 20 ppm; DDT 25.5 - 254, DDE 58.0 - 1234 @ 200 ppm DDT and DDE concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) DDT <0.1, DDE 0.2 - 1.2 ug/g dry wt @ 0 ppm; DDT 0.6 - 2.4, DDE 1.2 - 10.1 @ 2 ppm; DDT 2.2 - 29.2, DDE 15.7 - 153.5 @ 20 ppm; DDT 14.9 - 102.0, DDE 45.0 - 187.0 @ 200 ppm DDT and DDE concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE decrease @ 50 ppm body weight, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as triethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fecundity and progeny growth following subacute insecticide ingestion by the mallard

Author(s)
Muller, H.D. and D.C. Lockman
Pages
239-241
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIELDRIN no effect egg production, eggshell thickness and fertility, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose control, 4 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN decrease average % hatchability, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose control, 4 ppm TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect progeny growth (average body weights) at hatch to 6 wks of age Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 trios (2F, 1M adults)/dose control, 4 ppm TOX-REPRO - development 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION no effect egg production and fertility, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose control, 10 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION no effect % hatchability, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose control, 10 ppm TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION decrease eggshell thickness, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose control, 10 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION no effect progeny growth (average body weights) at hatch to 6 wks of age Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 trios (2F, 1M adults)/dose control, 10 ppm TOX-REPRO - development 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Plutonium, Am, Cm and Sr in ducks maintained on radioactive leaching ponds in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Markham, O. Doyle, Douglas K. Halford, Susan K. Rope and George B. Kuzo
Pages
517-524
Year
Volume
55
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
RADIONUCLIDES see citation table of mean concentrations of 6 radionuclides (238Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, 242Cm, 244Cm, 90Sr) in 6 mallard tissue types Not Reported Adult leaching ponds, Test Reactor Area, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory 7-15 see citation for table radionuclide concentrations in water, plankton, periphyton, sediment TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 43-145 d site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some effects of vitamin E deficiency on hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase activity, lead, and a-tocopherol concentrations in tissues of lead-dosed mallard ducks

Author(s)
Sleet, R.B. and J.H. Soares, Jr.
Pages
71-78
Year
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) 5.7 ppm (whole blood); 6.2 ppm (liver); 2.4 ppm (spleen) @ 300 mg/kg body weight lead concentrations in tissues, 96 hr after exposure to lead in ducklings receiving vitamin E Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 300 mg/kg body weight; elemental lead packaged in gelatin capsules TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity and oxidative stress of different forms of organic selenium and dietary protein in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., G.H. Heinz, L.J. LeCaptain, J.D. Eisemann and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
120-127
Year
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE increase @ 15, 30 ppm plasma and liver GSH-peroxidase activity (for all Se forms), compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose control, 15, 30 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, seleno-L-methionine or selenized yeast TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 10.3(0.7) ppm in femur, 14.1(0.6) ppm in liver, 6.8(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-iron-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 4.3(0.7) ppm in femur, non-detect. in liver, 2.4(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-polymer-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment control, steel (eight #4 pellets), lead (eight #4 pellets), tungsten-iron (eight BB size pellets), tungsten-polymer (eight BB size pellets); See paper for data on shot recovery and erosion in dosed ducks. TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single exposure; 30 d observation oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lead, iron, and bismuth allow shot embedded in the breast muscles of game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Stephen P. Havera, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey W. Brawn, Gale D. Taylor and James W. Seets
Pages
688-697
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean survival times compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group five #4 pellets of lead, iron, or bismuth/tin embedded in breast muscle TOX-MORT - dose-response data 185 and 365 d embedded in muscle Toxicity Factor Datasets
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean body weight and organ weights compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group five #4 pellets of lead, iron, or bismuth/tin embedded in breast muscle TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 185 and 365 d embedded in muscle Toxicity Factor Datasets
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean hematocrit values compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group five #4 pellets of lead, iron, or bismuth/tin embedded in breast muscle TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 185 and 365 d embedded in muscle Toxicity Factor Datasets
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) 130(10.1) ppm in kidneys, 0.19(0.06) ppm in liver mean(SE) wet wt concentration of bismuth in organs Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group five #4 pellets of lead, iron, or bismuth/tin embedded in breast muscle TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 185 and 365 d embedded in muscle Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of illness versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect egg fertility, egg weight, eggshell thickness, and mean interval between laying of eggs versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-REPRO - physiology through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with seleno-L-methionine or seleno-D,L-methionine hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-REPRO - reproductive success through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with seleno-L-methionine duckling survival compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-REPRO - reproductive success through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with seleno-D,L-methionine, seleno-L-methionine, or selenized yeast number of 6-day-old ducklings produced per female versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group 0, 10.3 ppm Se as seleno-L-methionine, 9.3 ppm Se as seleno-D,L-methionine, and 10.9 ppm Se as selenized yeast TOX-REPRO - reproductive success through reproduction until 6 days of age in ducklings diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

PCB intake and the growth of waterfowl: multivariate analyses based on a reparameterized Richards sigmoid model

Author(s)
Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr., Gary C. White and Parshall B. Bush
Pages
1-11
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
AROCLOR 1254 significant effect PCB treatment altered the shape of the body weight growth curve but not the asymptotic weight Both Male and Female Juvenile 15/dose 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm mortality during experiment Both Male and Female Adult 12 pairs/dose 0, 150 mg/kg diet TOX-MORT - dose-response data 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Lanius ludovicianus

Citation:

Effects of fertilizer-induced reduction of invertebrates on reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven, and Mark A. Deyrup
Pages
307-312
Year
Volume
139
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
AMMONIUM NITRATE significantly increased (138.5% +/- 86.1 SD) percent increase in breeding territory size post-spray vs. unsprayed controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles MacArthur Agroecology Research Center, Archbold Biological Station 4 control, 8 treatment territories 54 kg/ha application rate TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - indirect effects approx. 1 month application to habitat Toxicity Factor Datasets
AMMONIUM NITRATE significantly earlier timing of nesting season termination in pairs post-spray vs. unsprayed controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles MacArthur Agroecology Research Center, Archbold Biological Station 4 control, 8 treatment territories 54 kg/ha application rate TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - indirect effects approx. 1 month application to habitat Toxicity Factor Datasets
AMMONIUM NITRATE increased loss of eggs, nestlings, fledglings and adults post-spray vs. unsprayed controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles MacArthur Agroecology Research Center, Archbold Biological Station 4 control, 8 treatment territories 54 kg/ha application rate TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - indirect effects approx. 1 month application to habitat Toxicity Factor Datasets

Canis latrans

Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE 5.6 [3.0-10.4 (95% CI)] mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 4/dose 3 doses TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Efficacy and safety of diphacinone as a predacide

Author(s)
Savarie, P.J., D.J. Hayes, R.T. McBride and J.D. Roberts
Pages
69-79
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIPHACINONE 0.6 [0.3 - 1.2 (95% CL)] mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 2/dose 0, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of lithium chloride in coyote pup diet

Author(s)
Burns, Richard J.
Pages
350-356
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LITHIUM CHLORIDE decrease @ 18g/1500 g/d body weight gain in nursing pups of mothers fed LiCl contaminated diet Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 pups/2 adults 3 or 18 g LiCl/1500 g jackrabbit/d TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 3 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning

Author(s)
Casper, Howard H., Michael E. Mount, Rex E. Marsh and Robert H. Schmidt
Pages
441-442
Year
Volume
69
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 535-9754 ppb all coyotes died after ingesting 1-2 ground squirrels poisoned with sodium monofluoroacetate Not Reported Pup 2 535-9754 ppb wet wt. fluoroacetate in tissues of poisoned squirrels TOX-MORT - dose-response data 12 hr diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Secondary hazards to coyotes of ground squirrels poisoned with 1080 or strychnine

Author(s)
Marsh, Rex. E., Robert H. Schmidt and Walter E. Howard
Pages
380-385
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 0.240 - 0.625 mg 1080/kg coyote 5/6 coyotes died after eating squirrels contaminated with 1080 bait (sodium monofluroacetate) Not Reported Adult 4-6/dose 0.055 - 0.094 or 0.240-0.625 mg 1080/kg coyote; estimated doses of "low" or "high" contaminated ground squirrels TOX-MORT - dose-response data single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRYCHNINE increase @ 1.321 - 2.860 mg strychnine/kg coyote 1/4 coyotes died after ingesting contaminated ground squirrels Not Reported Adult 4/dose 0.275-1.059 or 1.321-2.860 mg strychnine/kg coyote; estimated dose of "low" or "high" contaminated ground squirrels TOX-MORT - dose-response data single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mephitis mephitis

Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE > 400 mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 2/dose 3 doses TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets

Spermophilus beecheyi

Citation:

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning

Author(s)
Casper, Howard H., Michael E. Mount, Rex E. Marsh and Robert H. Schmidt
Pages
441-442
Year
Volume
69
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 182-1309 ppb wet wt. @ 0.8 mg/kg; 535-9754 ppb wet wt. @ 4.8 mg/kg range of fluoroacetate residues in brain, caecum, kidney, liver, spleen, muscle and lung tissue of dead squirrels Not Reported Adult 2/dose 0, 0.8, 4.8 mg 1080/kg bw TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Melospiza melodia

Citation:

Effects of insecticide use on breeding birds in Christmas tree plantations in Quebec

Author(s)
Rondeau, Guy and Jean-Luc DesGranges
Pages
281-298
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIMETHOATE 34% (27% SD) mean reduction in blood serum cholinesterase activity compared to untreated Male Adult Christmas tree farms; Sherbrooke, Quebec 15-20 sparrows 480 g active ingredient/litre TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers single field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIAZINON 27% (43% SD) % reduction of blood serum cholinesterase compared to untreated Not Reported Not Reported Christmas tree farms; Sherbrooke, Quebec 20-29 sparrows 500 g active ingredient/litre TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers single field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
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