Species
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Citation:
Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
4.43 |
mean mass of nestlings with suppl. food 1 d old; |
0.31 SE |
g |
Not Reported |
Nestling |
Mandarte island |
13 nestlings |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
16.81 |
mean mass of nestlings with suppl. food 6 d old |
0.3 SE |
g |
Not Reported |
Nestling |
Mandarte island |
48 nestlings |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
24.75 |
over 90 wks |
2.1 SE |
g |
Female |
Adult |
Mandarte Island |
2 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
25.51 |
over 90 weeks old |
0.48 SE |
g |
Mandarte Island |
11 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Greenwood, Raymond J., Alan B. Sargeant and Douglas H. Johnson
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
308 |
170 SD |
ha |
Male |
Not Reported |
Walum, ND |
15 males |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
242 |
119 SD |
ha |
Female |
Not Reported |
Walum, ND |
24 animals |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Irby, Harold D. and Lytle H. Blankenship
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Age at Sexual Maturity |
year of hatching |
age of earliest sexual maturity, based on gonad sizes and breeding behaviors |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
near Tuscon |
75 males, 66 females |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Hatching Success |
55.2% |
percent of nests in which at least one egg hatched |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
near Bakersfield |
335 nest attempts |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
67.1% |
percent of eggs laid that hatched |
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
near Bakersfield |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
1.87 |
average number of fledglings per successful nest |
fledglings/nest |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
near Bakersfield |
185 successful nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Nesting |
Mar-Sep |
period from beginning to end of nesting |
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
near Bakersfield |
335 nest attempts |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
21.7 |
average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route |
birds/100 mi |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
near Bakersfield |
1000 mi surveyed/mo |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
White, Lisa M., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Age at Sexual Maturity |
80 |
age at which birds became capable of breeding |
d |
Male |
Yearling |
79 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Sexual Maturity |
93 |
age at which birds became capable of breeding |
d |
Female |
Yearling |
91 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Taber, William B., Jr.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Food Ingestion Rate |
16.1% |
daily food ingestion as percent of body weight |
7.8-24.1 |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
22 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Davis, Charles A.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
seeds (96.1%), green vegetation (1.1%), insects (2.8%) |
percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
New Mexico State University Ranch |
38 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
seeds (99.9%), green vegetation (0.1%) |
percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
New Mexico State University Ranch |
42 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
250-330 |
density of breeding pairs |
pairs/220 acres |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Lewis, Cass County |
220 acres |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year |
5.85-5.98 |
average number of nest attempts by individual pairs |
nests/year |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Lewis, Cass County |
1108-1443 nests/year |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
1.8 |
average number of fledglings produced per successful nest |
fledglings/nest |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Lewis, Cass County |
1108-1443 nests/year |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
13.7% |
percent of young hatched that did not survive to fledging |
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Lewis, Cass County |
3580 hatchlings |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Pearson, Allen M. and George C. Moore
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutch or Litter Size |
2 |
average clutch size |
|
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
near Auburn |
592 clutches |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
14 |
|
|
d |
Not Reported |
Embryo |
near Auburn |
5 cases |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
226 (both eggs); 56 (one egg) |
number of nests in which one or both eggs hatched |
|
|
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
near Auburn |
592 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning |
|
|
11-13 |
d |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
near Auburn |
136 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Lewis, James C., John A. Morrison, Victor J. Heller and John W. Ault
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Foraging Distance |
|
distance flown from night roosts to feeding sites |
3-12 |
km |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Jackson County (elev. 430 m) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
haygrazer (15-96%), wheat (trace-31%), pricklepoppy (trace-19%), panic grass (trace-33%), maize (3-76%), pigweed (trace-14%), sunflower (trace-10%), spurge (trace-17%), wild bean (trace-44%), others (1-6%) |
percent consumption by weight of 9 most frequently eaten foods (range over 7 months) |
|
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Jackson County (elev. 430 m) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Mirarchi, R.E., P.F. Scanlon, F.C. Gwazdauskas and R.L. Kirkpatrick
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
114.3 |
mean body weight |
3.3 SE |
g |
Female |
Juvenile |
5 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Sexual Maturity |
93 |
age at which birds were judged capable of reproduction |
|
d |
Female |
Juvenile |
58 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Schmid, William D.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Food Ingestion Rate |
71 |
intake based on analysis of crop contents |
66.6-75.4 95% CI |
kcal/day/bird |
Not Reported |
Adult |
captured in Grand Forks County, ND |
120 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
green foxtail (39.8%), yellow foxtail (21.4%), wheat (19.6%), black bindweed (5.1%), maize (4.7%), proso millet (3.0%), flax (2.0%), field mustard (1.6%), lamb's quarters (1.2%) |
percent occurrence in diet by weight |
|
% |
Not Reported |
Adult |
captured in Grand Forks County, ND |
120 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
MacMillen, Richard E.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
108 |
average body weight |
14.7 |
91-144 |
g |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
captured in Santa Monica Mountains |
11 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Water Ingestion Rate |
6.9 |
daily ad libitum water consumption of captive birds as percent of body weight |
0.9 |
|
% body weight/day |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
captured in Santa Monica Mountains |
11 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Cheney, Susan and Philip W. Cheney
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
7.7 |
average body weight |
g |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
near Orondo, Douglas County |
15 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
79.0 |
average body weight |
g |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
near Orondo, Douglas County |
15 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Markham, O. Doyle, and Charles H. Trost
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
halogeton (22.0% +/- 33.9), pigweed (3.9% +/- 13.5), common vetch (4.1% +/-17.9), Indian ricegrass (26.1% +/- 37.6), collomia(6.7% +/- 21.6), barnyard grass (0.3% +/- 5.0), gromwell (0.4% +/- 3.7), wheat (13.2% +/- 29.9), oats (0.6% +/- 4.2), cottonwood (1.6% +/- 11.6), other species (1.7% +/- 7.9), grit (13.9% +/- 23.9) |
percent occurrence by mass in crop contents (mean +/- SD) |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory |
223 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
379 |
7 SE |
g |
Not Reported |
Juvenile |
10 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Food Ingestion Rate |
food consumption rate for average body weight of 1.23 kg |
115 - 130 |
g/duck/d |
Female |
Adult |
18 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Water Ingestion Rate |
1.74 |
daily water ingestion at ambient temperature of 21C |
1.66 - 1.98 |
cc/animal/d |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Water Ingestion Rate |
3.78 |
daily water ingestion at ambient temperature of 21C |
|
cc/animal/d |
Female |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Comment