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Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 4.43 | mean mass of nestlings with suppl. food 1 d old; | 0.31 SE | g | Not Reported | Nestling | Mandarte island | 13 nestlings | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean | 16.81 | mean mass of nestlings with suppl. food 6 d old | 0.3 SE | g | Not Reported | Nestling | Mandarte island | 48 nestlings | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 24.75 | over 90 wks | 2.1 SE | g | Female | Adult | Mandarte Island | 2 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 25.51 | over 90 weeks old | 0.48 SE | g | Mandarte Island | 11 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 308 | 170 SD | ha | Male | Not Reported | Walum, ND | 15 males | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range | 242 | 119 SD | ha | Female | Not Reported | Walum, ND | 24 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | year of hatching | age of earliest sexual maturity, based on gonad sizes and breeding behaviors | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | near Tuscon | 75 males, 66 females | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 55.2% | percent of nests in which at least one egg hatched | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | near Bakersfield | 335 nest attempts | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success | 67.1% | percent of eggs laid that hatched | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | near Bakersfield | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.87 | average number of fledglings per successful nest | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | near Bakersfield | 185 successful nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Nesting | Mar-Sep | period from beginning to end of nesting | Both Male and Female | Adult | near Bakersfield | 335 nest attempts | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Population Density | 21.7 | average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route | birds/100 mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | near Bakersfield | 1000 mi surveyed/mo | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | 80 | age at which birds became capable of breeding | d | Male | Yearling | 79 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Sexual Maturity | 93 | age at which birds became capable of breeding | d | Female | Yearling | 91 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 16.1% | daily food ingestion as percent of body weight | 7.8-24.1 | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 22 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | seeds (96.1%), green vegetation (1.1%), insects (2.8%) | percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | New Mexico State University Ranch | 38 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | seeds (99.9%), green vegetation (0.1%) | percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | New Mexico State University Ranch | 42 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 250-330 | density of breeding pairs | pairs/220 acres | Both Male and Female | Adult | Lewis, Cass County | 220 acres | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year | 5.85-5.98 | average number of nest attempts by individual pairs | nests/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | Lewis, Cass County | 1108-1443 nests/year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.8 | average number of fledglings produced per successful nest | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | Lewis, Cass County | 1108-1443 nests/year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality | 13.7% | percent of young hatched that did not survive to fledging | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Lewis, Cass County | 3580 hatchlings | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 2 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | near Auburn | 592 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 14 | d | Not Reported | Embryo | near Auburn | 5 cases | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Hatching Success | 226 (both eggs); 56 (one egg) | number of nests in which one or both eggs hatched | Not Reported | Hatchling | near Auburn | 592 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 11-13 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | near Auburn | 136 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | distance flown from night roosts to feeding sites | 3-12 | km | Not Reported | Not Reported | Jackson County (elev. 430 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Dietary Composition | haygrazer (15-96%), wheat (trace-31%), pricklepoppy (trace-19%), panic grass (trace-33%), maize (3-76%), pigweed (trace-14%), sunflower (trace-10%), spurge (trace-17%), wild bean (trace-44%), others (1-6%) | percent consumption by weight of 9 most frequently eaten foods (range over 7 months) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | Jackson County (elev. 430 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 114.3 | mean body weight | 3.3 SE | g | Female | Juvenile | 5 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Sexual Maturity | 93 | age at which birds were judged capable of reproduction | d | Female | Juvenile | 58 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 71 | intake based on analysis of crop contents | 66.6-75.4 95% CI | kcal/day/bird | Not Reported | Adult | captured in Grand Forks County, ND | 120 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | green foxtail (39.8%), yellow foxtail (21.4%), wheat (19.6%), black bindweed (5.1%), maize (4.7%), proso millet (3.0%), flax (2.0%), field mustard (1.6%), lamb's quarters (1.2%) | percent occurrence in diet by weight | % | Not Reported | Adult | captured in Grand Forks County, ND | 120 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 108 | average body weight | 14.7 | 91-144 | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | captured in Santa Monica Mountains | 11 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Water Ingestion Rate | 6.9 | daily ad libitum water consumption of captive birds as percent of body weight | 0.9 | % body weight/day | Not Reported | Not Reported | captured in Santa Monica Mountains | 11 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 7.7 | average body weight | g | Not Reported | Hatchling | near Orondo, Douglas County | 15 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean | 79.0 | average body weight | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | near Orondo, Douglas County | 15 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | halogeton (22.0% +/- 33.9), pigweed (3.9% +/- 13.5), common vetch (4.1% +/-17.9), Indian ricegrass (26.1% +/- 37.6), collomia(6.7% +/- 21.6), barnyard grass (0.3% +/- 5.0), gromwell (0.4% +/- 3.7), wheat (13.2% +/- 29.9), oats (0.6% +/- 4.2), cottonwood (1.6% +/- 11.6), other species (1.7% +/- 7.9), grit (13.9% +/- 23.9) | percent occurrence by mass in crop contents (mean +/- SD) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | Idaho National Engineering Laboratory | 223 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 379 | 7 SE | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | food consumption rate for average body weight of 1.23 kg | 115 - 130 | g/duck/d | Female | Adult | 18 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water Ingestion Rate | 1.74 | daily water ingestion at ambient temperature of 21C | 1.66 - 1.98 | cc/animal/d | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Water Ingestion Rate | 3.78 | daily water ingestion at ambient temperature of 21C | cc/animal/d | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |