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Citation:
Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
1.87 |
average number of chicks fledged per successful brood |
chicks/brood |
Female |
Adult |
Great Salt Lake, Davis County |
3 yrs data collection |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Palacios, Eduardo, Lucia Alfaro and Gary W. Page
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutch or Litter Size |
2.55 |
mean clutch size |
0.69 SD |
1-3 |
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
Baja California peninsula |
36 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Purdue, James R. and Howard Haines
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
71.1 |
body weight of an individual bird |
g |
Not Reported |
Adult |
1 bird |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Territory Size |
|
nesting territory size |
0.2-1.6 |
ha |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
43-48 pairs (2 yrs) |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
|
range of nesting density over two years |
43-48 |
pairs/243 ha |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
43-48 pairs (2 yrs) |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
|
percent of nesting pairs that successfully raised at least one young (range over two years) |
26-32 |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
43-48 pairs (2 yrs) |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
|
range in proportions of total eggs hatching vs. total eggs laid (for two years) |
147/238 to 147/262 |
eggs hatched/eggs produced |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
238-262 eggs (two yrs) |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
|
range in proportions of total chicks fledging vs. total chicks hatched (for two years) |
85/147 - 91/147 |
chicks fledged/chicks hatched |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
147 eggs hatched (2 yrs) |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year |
|
annual clutch numbers per pair observed over 2 years |
1-2 |
clutches/yr |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
43-48 pairs (2 yrs) |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Foraging Distance |
up to several hundred yards |
maximum observed distance travelled by birds from the nest |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
32 pairs (1 yr) |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Migration or Dispersal |
mid Jul to early Sep |
period of departure from the breeding area by migrants |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Greaves, James M.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
63 |
percent of birds that successfully fledged one young |
% |
Male |
Adult |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
98 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
66 |
percent of birds that successfully fledged one young |
% |
Female |
Adult |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
98 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
48/312 |
proportion of young banded as nestlings or fledglings returning to study area in subsequent yrs |
birds returning/birds banded |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Gibraltar Reservoir |
312 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Franzreb, Kathleen E.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
review |
historical and recent population data |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
review |
reproductive success data |
|
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Goldwasser, Sharon, David Gaines and Sanford R. Wilbur
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
|
number of singing males per linear km of suitable habitat |
3-5 |
birds/km |
Male |
Adult |
various CA locations |
8 survey sites |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
21 |
percent of active nests that fledged at least one young |
|
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
various CA locations |
14 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Graber, Richard R.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
approx. 15 |
incubation period up to time of pipping |
14d, 21 hr - 15 d, 8 hr |
d |
Not Reported |
Embryo |
8 eggs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clark, Clarence F.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Hatching Success |
84 |
percent of eggs hatched of total number laid |
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
upper Santa Cruz River |
24 nests, 70 eggs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
59.9 |
percent of eggs producing fledglings of total eggs laid |
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
upper Santa Cruz River |
24 nests, 70 eggs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
6 -11 |
age of oldest identified banded individual |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Graber, Richard R.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
14 d, 16 hr to 15 d |
incubation period up to time of hatching |
Not Reported |
Embryo |
1 egg |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
12-6 |
age of oldest identified banded individual |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
|
range of monthly density estimates over 2 yrs |
0.44 - 3.7 |
#/ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
155 |
cumulative home range diameter for 6-8 mo period |
|
m |
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument |
34 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
see citation |
figure of seasonal changes in weight |
|
g |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Longevity |
|
longest recorded longevity |
21 - 23 |
mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument |
2 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
O'Farrell, Michael J.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
0.49 |
annual composite home range estimated by principal component method (95% probability) |
ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Warm Springs Valley, Washoe County |
718 recapture loci |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Growth Rate |
4.0 (0); 10.0 (2 wks); 18.0 (4 wks); 24.0 (6 wks); 28.0 (8 wks); 31.0 (10 wks); 34.0 (12 wks); 36.0 (14 wks) |
body weights at various ages (0 - 14 wks) |
|
g |
Not Reported |
Juvenile |
|
3 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
|
range of seasonal body weights |
39.5 - 46.5 |
g |
Male |
Adult |
Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) |
644 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
2.02 |
|
1 - 3 |
embryos/female |
Female |
Adult |
Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) |
133 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
0.466 |
average range; estimated as enclosed space occupied by used traps plus one-half distance to closest unused trap |
|
acres |
Male |
Adult |
Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) |
11 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
0.373 |
average range; estimated as enclosed space occupied by used traps plus one-half distance to closest unused trap |
|
acres |
Female |
Adult |
Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) |
13 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
0.243 |
average range; estimated as enclosed space occupied by used traps plus one-half distance to closest unused trap |
|
acres |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) |
14 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
|
range of seasonal body weights |
36.5 - 43.8 |
g |
Female |
Adult |
Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) |
482 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
range in monthly density estimates over 2 yrs |
0.73 - 1.74 |
#/ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
range of annual weight means for 2 yrs |
8.1 - 8.8 |
g |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument |
31 - 65/yr |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
O'Farrell, Michael J.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
0.33 |
annual composite home range estimated by principal component method (95% probability) |
ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Warm Springs Valley, Washoe County |
394 recapture loci |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
O'Farrell, Michael J.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
1.42 |
annual composite home range estimated by principal component method (95% probability) |
ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Warm Springs Valley, Washoe County |
509 recapture loci |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Comment