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| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | evidence for 2nd litter in 20% of reproductively active females | 1 - 2 | litters/yr | Female | Adult | Coho creek | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | see citation | figure of oxygen consumption at ambient temperatures (15-35C) | ml O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Not Reported | captured at University of California, Irvine | 10/group | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of means for 2 sites | 5.46 - 6.44 | young/litter | Female | Adult | Douglas and Benton counties {lat., 43-44.5^oN] | 9-13/site | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | June - Aug. | dispersal of young | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Hastings Natural History Reservation | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of means | 5.5 - 8.1 | embryos/female | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 37 | percent of eggs that hatched | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Point Reyes | 35 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.0 | number of young fledged per successful brood | fledglings/brood | Not Reported | Fledgling | Point Reyes | 35 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | April 18 to July 6 | period between beginning of egg laying and observation of first fledgling for one year | Both Male and Female | Adult | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 26.9 | incubation period | 25-32 | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 9 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | April 18 to July 15 | period of time from beginning to end of egg laying for one year | Female | Adult | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 9 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Hatching Success | range in percent of clutches hatching at least one chick (over 4 years) | 39.5-68.2 | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.64 | number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) | fledglings/brood | Not Reported | Fledgling | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 22 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 81 nesting females | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.778 | minimum annual survival rates of marked individuals | Male | Adult | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 18 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.743 | minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals (2 years and both sexes pooled) | Both Male and Female | Adult | Monterey Bay | 101 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.643 | minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals | Not Reported | Juvenile | Point Reyes | 14 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | Mar 9 (females), Mar 24 (males) | mean dates of spring migrant arrival to breeding grounds | Both Male and Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 44 males, 59 females | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar 23 to Jul 13 | period between onset and end of egg laying | Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 6-84 clutches laid/month | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Territory Size | <0.5 | defended nesting territory size on salt pan habitat | ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | most frequent clutch size | 2-4 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 171 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 27.4 | average incubation period (measured from last egg laid to last egg hatched) | 0.2 SE | 26-32 | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Pajaro River Mouth | 57 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | 30.9 | fledging period, measured from hatch to first flight of at least 3 m | 29-33 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Pajaro River Mouth | 22 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 92.7 | percent of 16 day old chicks that fledged | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | Pajaro River Mouth | 124 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Hatching Success | 58.2 | percent of clutches in which at least one egg hatched (over six years) | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Pajaro River Mouth | 189 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Hatching Success | 55.2 | percent of all eggs that hatched (over 6 years) | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Pajaro River Mouth | 534 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | percent of hatched chicks that fledged (over 6 years) | 39-42 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Pajaro River Mouth | 296 chicks | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 78.6 | percent annual survival | % | Male | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 56 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 72.6 | percent annual survival | % | Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 73 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore | 5 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 6.2 (fall), 19.2 (winter), 6.6 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Limantour Estero | 10 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Mar to mid Jun | period of migrant arrival to breeding grounds | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 3 yrs data collection | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Mar to May 31; Jul 1-15 | peaks of migrant arrival to breeding grounds | Male | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 3 yrs data collection | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr 10-Jul 18 | egg-laying period | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 3 yrs data collection | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Foraging Distance | 177 | median foraging distance from nest | 25%-75% quartiles=64-466 | up to 3770 | m | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 192 observations | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Foraging Distance | 272 | median foraging distance from nest | 25%-75% quartiles=110-580 | up to 2030 | m | Male | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 266 observations | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | modal clutch size | 2-5 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 327 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.449 | minimum annual survival rates of marked individuals | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 49 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | maximum number of broods attempted by individual birds within one breeding season | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 7.6 (fall), 15.4 (winter), 2.2 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore | 5 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 2.2 (fall), 1.8 (winter), 1.3 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Limantour Estero | 10 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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