Species
Filter by Toxicity Endpoint Type
Filter by Exposure Endpoint Type
Filter by Chemical
Filter by Location
Citation:
Author(s)
Simpson, G. L., and T.K. Lamunyon
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutches or Litters per year |
evidence for 2nd litter in 20% of reproductively active females |
1 - 2 |
litters/yr |
Female |
Adult |
Coho creek |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Baudinette, R.V.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Metabolic Rate |
see citation |
figure of oxygen consumption at ambient temperatures (15-35C) |
ml O2/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
captured at University of California, Irvine |
10/group |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Gordon S. Lind
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutch or Litter Size |
range of means for 2 sites |
5.46 - 6.44 |
young/litter |
Female |
Adult |
Douglas and Benton counties {lat., 43-44.5^oN] |
9-13/site |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Dobson, F. Stephen
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Migration or Dispersal |
June - Aug. |
dispersal of young |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Hastings Natural History Reservation |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutch or Litter Size |
range of means |
5.5 - 8.1 |
embryos/female |
Female |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Page, Gary W. and Lynne E. Stenzel
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Hatching Success |
37 |
percent of eggs that hatched |
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Point Reyes |
35 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
2.0 |
number of young fledged per successful brood |
fledglings/brood |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Point Reyes |
35 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Nesting |
April 18 to July 6 |
period between beginning of egg laying and observation of first fledgling for one year |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
26.9 |
incubation period |
25-32 |
d |
Both Male and Female |
Embryo |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
9 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
April 18 to July 15 |
period of time from beginning to end of egg laying for one year |
|
|
Female |
Adult |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
9 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
|
range in percent of clutches hatching at least one chick (over 4 years) |
39.5-68.2 |
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
1.64 |
number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) |
|
fledglings/brood |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
22 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year |
2 |
number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females |
|
clutches/yr |
Female |
Adult |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
81 nesting females |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.778 |
minimum annual survival rates of marked individuals |
|
|
Male |
Adult |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
18 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.743 |
minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals (2 years and both sexes pooled) |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Monterey Bay |
101 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.643 |
minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals |
|
|
Not Reported |
Juvenile |
Point Reyes |
14 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Migration or Dispersal |
Mar 9 (females), Mar 24 (males) |
mean dates of spring migrant arrival to breeding grounds |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Pajaro River Mouth |
44 males, 59 females |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
Mar 23 to Jul 13 |
period between onset and end of egg laying |
|
|
|
Female |
Adult |
Pajaro River Mouth |
6-84 clutches laid/month |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Territory Size |
<0.5 |
defended nesting territory size on salt pan habitat |
|
|
ha |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Pajaro River Mouth |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
3 |
most frequent clutch size |
|
2-4 |
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
Pajaro River Mouth |
171 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
27.4 |
average incubation period (measured from last egg laid to last egg hatched) |
0.2 SE |
26-32 |
d |
Both Male and Female |
Embryo |
Pajaro River Mouth |
57 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis |
30.9 |
fledging period, measured from hatch to first flight of at least 3 m |
|
29-33 |
d |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Pajaro River Mouth |
22 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
92.7 |
percent of 16 day old chicks that fledged |
|
|
% |
Not Reported |
Juvenile |
Pajaro River Mouth |
124 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
58.2 |
percent of clutches in which at least one egg hatched (over six years) |
|
|
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Pajaro River Mouth |
189 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
55.2 |
percent of all eggs that hatched (over 6 years) |
|
|
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Pajaro River Mouth |
534 eggs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
|
percent of hatched chicks that fledged (over 6 years) |
|
39-42 |
d |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Pajaro River Mouth |
296 chicks |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
78.6 |
percent annual survival |
|
|
% |
Male |
Adult |
Pajaro River Mouth |
56 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
72.6 |
percent annual survival |
|
|
% |
Female |
Adult |
Pajaro River Mouth |
73 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) |
mean population density |
birds/ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore |
5 seasons censused |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
6.2 (fall), 19.2 (winter), 6.6 (spring) |
mean population density |
birds/ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Limantour Estero |
10 seasons censused |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Migration or Dispersal |
late Mar to mid Jun |
period of migrant arrival to breeding grounds |
|
|
|
Female |
Adult |
Great Salt Lake, Davis County |
3 yrs data collection |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Migration or Dispersal |
late Mar to May 31; Jul 1-15 |
peaks of migrant arrival to breeding grounds |
|
|
|
Male |
Adult |
Great Salt Lake, Davis County |
3 yrs data collection |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
Apr 10-Jul 18 |
egg-laying period |
|
|
|
Female |
Adult |
Great Salt Lake, Davis County |
3 yrs data collection |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Foraging Distance |
177 |
median foraging distance from nest |
25%-75% quartiles=64-466 |
up to 3770 |
m |
Female |
Adult |
Great Salt Lake, Davis County |
192 observations |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Foraging Distance |
272 |
median foraging distance from nest |
25%-75% quartiles=110-580 |
up to 2030 |
m |
Male |
Adult |
Great Salt Lake, Davis County |
266 observations |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
3 |
modal clutch size |
|
2-5 |
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
Great Salt Lake, Davis County |
327 clutches |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.449 |
minimum annual survival rates of marked individuals |
Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) |
49 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Type |
Clutches or Litters per year |
2 |
maximum number of broods attempted by individual birds within one breeding season |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
7.6 (fall), 15.4 (winter), 2.2 (spring) |
mean population density |
birds/ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore |
5 seasons censused |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
2.2 (fall), 1.8 (winter), 1.3 (spring) |
mean population density |
birds/ha |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Limantour Estero |
10 seasons censused |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Comment