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Bubo virginianus

Citation:

Metabolic rates of red-tailed hawks and great horned owls

Author(s)
Pakpahan, Ani M., Jonathon B. Haufler and Harold H. Prince
Pages
1000-1002
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1,229 mean body weight 106 g Male Adult 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolic rate and evaporative water loss of Mexican spotted and great horned owls

Author(s)
Ganey, Joseph L., Russell P. Balda, and Rudy M. King
Pages
645-656
Year
Issue
4
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 0.59 average basal metabolic rate cc O^2/g bw/hr Not Reported Adult 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

North America's oldest great horned owl

Author(s)
Houston, C. Stuart
Pages
88-90
Year
Issue
2
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Longevity 20.7 known age at time of death yr Not Reported Adult s. of Aberdeen, Saskatchewan 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

New great horned owl longevity record

Author(s)
Nero, Robert W.
Pages
91-92
Year
Issue
2
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Longevity 28+ age at time of death yr Female Adult Asiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 1 estimated population density based on call counts bird/100 acres Not Reported Adult San Joaquin Experimental Range 7 counts Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food consumption and energy, water, and nitrogen budgets in captive great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus)

Author(s)
Duke, G.E., J.G. Ciganek and O.A. Evanson
Pages
283-292
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 26.58 daily food intake on a mouse diet, dry weight basis 4.08 g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls x 5 days = 20 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 26.37 daily food intake on a turkey poult diet, dry weight basis 6.33 SD g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 26 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1615 mean of averaged body weights (10-13 weighings/bird) g Not Reported Adult 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Arthropod diet of a western horned owl

Author(s)
Ohlendorf, Harry M.
Pages
124-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition wolf spider (1), centipede (2), tarantula (3), grasshopper (1), walking stick (2) numbers of prey items in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 13 mi NE Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County 1 owl Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet, cast composition, and energy and nutrient intake of red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura)

Author(s)
Tabaka, Christopher S., Duane E. Ullrey, James G. Sikarskie, Sharon R. DeBar and Pao K. Ku
Pages
187-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 115 weight consumed per day on an all chick diet 16.9 SD g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 114 weight consumed per day on an all hamster diet 21.4 SD g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reversed sexual size dimorphism: its effect on prey selection by the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

Author(s)
Longland, William S.
Pages
395-398
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.13%), Microtus montanus (0.14%), Perognathus parvus (0.02%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.50%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.21%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Female Adult Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada 1 owl Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.11%), Microtus montanus (0.12%), Perognathus parvus (0.03%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.63%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.10%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Male Adult Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada 1 owl Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) in the cape region of Lower California, Mexico

Author(s)
Llinas-Gutierrez, Jorge, Gustavo Arnaud and Marcos Acevedo
Pages
140-141
Year
Issue
4
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mammals (47.0%), birds (5.2%), reptiles (15.7%), arachnids (8.7%), centipedes (7.0%), insects (16.5%) percent of total numbers of prey items in diet, based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult El Comitan, Baja California Sur 2 owls (49 pellets) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food consumption and pellet formation rates in four owl species

Author(s)
Marti, Carl D.
Pages
178-181
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 62.6 average daily consumption on an all mouse diet g/d Not Reported Adult collected in Larimer County, CO 1 owl Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Great horned owl food habits at Mono Lake, California

Author(s)
Aigner, Paul A., Michael L. Morrison, Linnea S. Hall, and William M. Block
Pages
286-288
Year
Issue
3
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus spp. (1.0%), unident. lagomorphs (0.2%), Peromyscus maniculatus (42.%), Microtus monatus (23.7%), unident. rodents (2.9%), Myotis spp. (1.9%), unident. mammal (1.5%), Podiceps nigricollis (1.0%), unident. rail (0.2%), Larus californicus (1.7%), unident. owl (0.4%), unident. blackbird (0.4%), unident. large bird (4.6%), unident. medium bird (1.2%), unident. small bird (6.9%), unident. vertebrate (1.0%), insects (8.3%), scorpions (0.4%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported Paoha Island, Mono Lake 219 pellets, 518 remains Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Lepus californicus (0.2%), Sylvilagus spp. (6.0%), unident. lagomorphs (1.7%), Peromyscus maniculatus (69.2%), Microtus monatus (0.7%), Dipodomys spp. (0.6%), unident. rodents (0.4%), Myotis spp. (1.1%), unident. chiropteran (0.2%), unident. mammal (3.9%), Larus californicus (1.3%), unident. large bird (7.1%), unident. medium bird (1.1%), unident. small bird (0.9%), unident. vertebrate (4.3%), insects (1.5%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported Negit Island, Mono Lake 188 pellets, 536 remains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Predation ecology of coexisting great horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
134-137
Year
Issue
1
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Microtus (66.7%), Peromyscus (27.6%), Dipodomys (1.1%), Sylvilagus (0.3%), Euphagus cyanocephalus (0.3%), Sorex (0.2%), Tadarida brasiliensis (0.2%), Mustela frenata (0.2%), unident. bird (1.4%), unident. small mammal (0.7%), insect (1.3%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge 107 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food-niche relationships between great horned owls and common barn owls in eastern Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L. and Ronald E. Jackman
Pages
175-179
Year
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus nuttallii (12.4%), Spermophilus washingtoni (0.4%), Thomomys talpoides (29.7%), Perognathus parvus (12.5%), Dipodomys ordii (1.4%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.3%), Peromyscus maniculatus (6.2%), Neotoma cinerea (2.1%), Microtus montanus (7.7%), Mus musculus (0.2%), unident. microtinae (4.5%), Mustela frenata (0.4%), Anas platyrynchos (2.6%), Phasianus colchicus (2.5%), Fulica americana (1.5%), Charadrius vociferus (0.2%), Tyto alba (10.7%), Sternella neglecta (0.2%), unident. Fringillidae (0.2%), unident. Passeriformes (1.2%), unident. snake (1.4%), Cyprinus carpio (1.3%), Stenopelmatus spp (0.2%) percent of total prey biomass Not Reported Not Reported Esquatzel Coulee, Franklin County 234 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Marti, Carl D. and Michael N. Kochert
Pages
499-506
Year
Issue
4
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition unident. snake (0.3%), Sylvilagus nuttallii (19.2%), Lepus californicus (14.3%), unident. leporid (16.1%), Spermophilus townsendii (0.6%), Thomomys townsendii (14.6%), Perognathus parvus (0.4%), Dipodomys ordii (11.1%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.2%), Peromyscus spp (2.3%), Neotoma cinerea (4.6%), Neotoma lepida (2.0%), unident. woodrat (0.3%), Microtus montanus (4.7%), Mus musculus (0.7%), Mustela frenata (0.1%), Falco sparverius (0.1%), Phasianus colchicus (1.9%), Callipepla californicus (0.1%), unident. galliform (0.4%), Fulica americana (0.4%), Columba livia (0.9%), Tyto alba (0.3%), Sturnus vulgaris (0.2%), unident. passerine (0.6%), unident. bid (3.4%) occurence in diet as percent of total prey biomass, based on pellet analysis Not Reported Not Reported Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (42 deg, 50'N, 115 deg, 50'W) 14 nesting areas, 1472 prey items Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The growth of some young raptorial birds

Author(s)
Sumner, E. Lowell, Jr.
Pages
277-308
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate see figures figures showing weight increase and feather growth for 0-73 days of age Not Reported Nestling collected in California five owls Exposure Factor Datasets

Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus

Citation:

Distribution and abundance of breeding snowy plovers on the Pacific coast of Baja California

Author(s)
Palacios, Eduardo, Lucia Alfaro and Gary W. Page
Pages
490-497
Year
Issue
4
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Hatching Success 1.73 average number of chicks per successful brood 0.78 SD 1-3 chicks/brood Not Reported Hatchling Baja California peninsula 119 broods Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Distribution of wintering snowy plovers in California and adjacent states

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Frances C. Bidstrup, Robert J. Ramer and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
145-170
Year
Issue
4
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density number of breeding birds per km of sandy beach surveyed 0.24-2.51 birds/km Not Reported Not Reported mainland coast 54.5-200.2 km per survey region Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density number of wintering birds per km of sandy beach surveyed 0.45-7.73 birds/km Not Reported Not Reported mainland coast 54.5-200.2 km per survey region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Factors affecting interannual movements of snowy plovers

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C., and Thomas C. Edwards, Jr.
Pages
534-543
Year
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range (over 4 years) in maximum number of nests active on one day per total area of potential nesting habitat 0.054-0.275 nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult Howard Slough, Great Salt Lake 4 survey years Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range (over 4 years) in maximum number of nests active on one day per total area of potential nesting habitat 0.078-0.493 nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult West Layton Marsh, Great Salt Lake 4 survey years Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The breeding status of the snowy plover in California

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
1-40
Year
Issue
1
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal early March to April 26 period during which most color-banded birds left the study area Not Reported Adult Pajaro Dunes, Monterey Bay 19 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Distribution and abundance of snowy plovers wintering in the interior of California and adjacent states

Author(s)
Shuford, David W., Gary W. Page and Catherine M. Hickey
Pages
82-98
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal early to late March timing of first influx of spring migrants to interior breeding areas Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival estimates for snowy plovers breeding at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
1106-1109
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.687 estimated average annual adult survival probability (using Jolly-Seber model) Both Male and Female Adult Great Salt Lake 361 birds captured over 3 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 2.7 mean life expectancy for an adult plover, based on survival estimate yr Both Male and Female Adult Great Salt Lake 361 birds captured over 3 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Salt water tolerance and water turnover in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Purdue, James R. and Howard Haines
Pages
248-255
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Water Ingestion Rate 20 daily distilled water consumption as percent of body weight % Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range in average body weights of treatment groups 33.2-34.0 g Not Reported Adult 3-4 birds/group Exposure Factor Datasets

Sterna antillarum ssp. browni

Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of fledging rates, 2 years 7/16 to 63/58 fledglings/nests Not Reported Fledgling Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] 16-58 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success range of egg hatching rates, 2 years 34.4-48.9 % Not Reported Hatchling Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] 16-58 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Apr time of arrival at breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon 2 colonies Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 normal number of broods per year Both Male and Female Adult Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying May-Jul period of egg laying, 2 years Female Adult Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach 2 colonies Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2 most frequent clutch size, 2 years 1-3 Female Adult Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach 96 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 22 most frequent incubation period, 2 years 20-25 d Not Reported Embryo Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach 41 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success range of hatching success, 2 years 80-90 % Not Reported Hatchling Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach 53-157 eggs/year Exposure Factor Datasets
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