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Zalophus californianus

Citation:

Population abundance, pup mortality, and copulation frequency in the California sea lion in relation to the 1983 El Nino on San Nicolas Island

Author(s)
Francis, J. M. and C. B. Heath
Pages
271-288
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutches or Litters per year range of fecundity over 4 yrs; peak pup/peak female counts 0.23-0.30 pups/female/yr Female Adult San Nicolas Island 4360-6952 pups Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 10-18 range of % mortality during the first 2 mo of life; estimated over 3 yrs % Female Pup San Nicolas Island 2679 pups Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The pinnipeds of the California current

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A. and Clifford H. Fiscus
Pages
68-78
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 380 kg Male Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 100 kg Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 9 kg Not Reported Neonate Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Validation of heart rate and doubly labelled water as measures of metabolic rate during swimming in California sea lions

Author(s)
Boyd, I. L., A. J. Woakes, P.J. Butler, R.W. Davis and T.M. Williams
Pages
151-160
Year
Issue
2
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate range of mean field metabolic rates estimated by oxygen consumption using direct respirometry and doubly labelled water methods; exercise regime used to simulate swimming 11.8-15.01 ml O2/min/kg Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Thermoregulation and resting metabolic rate of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups

Author(s)
Thompson, Steven, D., Kathryn A. Ono, Olav T. Oftedal and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
730-736
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 12,000 231 SE 8,333 - 14, 512 g Both Male and Female Pup captured at San Nicolas Island, CA 39 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.78 resting metabolic rate measured over a range of ambient temperatures (16-25C) 0.10 ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Pup captured at San Nicolas Island, CA 39 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, at San Clemente Island, California, 1981-86

Author(s)
Lowry, Mark S., Charles W. Oliver, Carolyn Macky and Jeannie B. Wexler
Pages
509-521
Year
Volume
88
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (51.3%); jack mackerel (24.6%); pelagic crab (21.2%); Pacific whiting (19.6%); rockfish (19.0%); market squid (16.3%); blacksmith (10.7%); Pacific mackerel (9.5%); octopus (5.1%); squid (2.2%); senorita (1.1%); lanternfish (1.3%) % of scats in which major (>1%) prey occurred % Not Reported Not Reported San Clemente Island 1309 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (24.7%); jack mackerel (11.8%); pelagic red crab (10.2%); Pacific whiting (9.4%); rockfish (9.2%); market squid (7.9%); blacksmith (5.1%); Pacific mackerel (4.6%); octopus (2.5%); squid (1.1%) % occurrence of major (>1%) prey taxon from a tally of occurrences of all prey taxa in scats % Not Reported Not Reported San Clemente Island 1309 scats Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica

Citation:

Prey abundance and food habits of San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes velox macrotis) at Camp Roberts Army National Guard Training Site, California

Author(s)
Logan, Christopher G., William H. Berry, William G. Standley and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
21
Publisher
EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Operations Report No. 10617-2158
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Spermophilus beecheyi (35%), soluble material (16.6%), grasshoppers/crickets (12.9%), lagomorphs (12.2%), kangaroo rats (9.1%), miscellaneous (10.2%), deer mice/wood rats (7.7%), birds (5.2%), beetles/weevils (3.5%), vegetation (2.8%), snakes (2.0%), pocket mice (0.8%), pocket gophers (0.5%), lizards (0.2%) frequency of occurrence of prey items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Camp Roberts 649 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet of the San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on Naval Petroleum Reserve #1, Kern County, California, 1980-1984

Author(s)
Scrivner, Jerry H., Thomas P. O'Farrell and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
26
Publisher
EG&G Energy Measurements, EGG 10282-2168
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (73.3%), kangaroo rats (13.1%), San Joaquin antelope ground squirrel (2.9%), San Joaquin kit fox (2.8%), Cricetidinae (1.3%), Heteromyidae (0.8%), San Joaquin pocket mouse (0.7%), California ground squirrel (0.6%), southern grasshopper mouse (0.5%), sheep (0.5%), Botta pocket gopher (0.3%), birds (1.4%), snakes (1.2%), lizards (0.1%), grasshoppers and crickets (6.2%), beetles (1.0%), arthropods (0.2%), grass (1.7%), soluble material (5.2%), other (9.1%) frequency of occurrence of food items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Naval Petroleum Reserve #1 1430 scats Exposure Factor Datasets

Rallus longirostris

Citation:

Body water and water flux in fresh water and sea-water acclimated clapper rails, Rallus longirostris

Author(s)
Hammons, Ralph L., Maryanne R. Hughes and Ralph R. Moldenhauer
Pages
539-541
Year
Issue
3
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 279.7 mean body weight in sea-water acclimated birds 6.9 g Not Reported Adult High Island, Chambers Co. 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 261.7 mean body weight in fresh water acclimated birds 8.4 g Not Reported Adult High Island, Chambers Co. 8 Exposure Factor Datasets

Pelecanus occidentalis

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 mean clutch size among successful nests 0.2 SE eggs Female Adult St. Lawrence estuary 32 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 2.8 proportion of eggs hatched per nest among successful nests 0.2 SE eggs/nest Both Male and Female Hatchling St. Lawrence estuary 32 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.3 fledging rate among successful nests 0.2 fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling St. Lawrence estuary 32 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 90.5 growth rate during maximum growth phase 1.8 SE g/day Both Male and Female Nestling St. Lawrence estuary 65 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 27.6 hatch weight 1.2 SE g Both Male and Female Hatchling St. Lawrence estuary 11 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1698.4 asymptotic weight (40 days) 35.2 SE g Both Male and Female Nestling St. Lawrence estuary 65 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets

Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus

Citation:

Notes on the food of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Moffitt, James
Pages
270-273
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Modiolus demissus (56.5%), Lycosidae (15%), Macoma balthica (7.6%), Hemigrapsis oregonensis (3.2%), Hyanassa obsoleta (2%), Spartina leiantha (14.55%) Volumetric percentage of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported San Francisco Bay 18 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets

Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. columbianum

Citation:

Demography and migratory patterns of the eastern long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum

Author(s)
Beneski Jr., John T., Zalisko, Edward J. and John H. Larsen, Jr.
Pages
398-408
Year
Volume
1986
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 4.63 0.07 SE g Male Adult Moscow, Latah County 134 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 6.02 0.04 SE g Female Adult Moscow, Latah County 134 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history characteristics of populations of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) from different altitudes

Author(s)
Howard, James H. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
361-373
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Apr. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Lindsey Creek, Perce County (elev., 420m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 166.5 eggs/cluster averaged 16.7 59.7 SD eggs/female Female Adult Lindsey Creek, Perce County (elev., 420m) 25 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate increase in snout-vent length 0.12 - 0.17 mm/d Both Male and Female Juvenile Lindsey Creek, Perce County (elev., 420m) 223 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr.-May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 105.3 eggs/cluster averaged 14.8 31.03 SD eggs/female Female Adult Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate increase in snout-vent length 0.32 - 0.39 mm/d Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying June - July time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Wallowa County (elev., 2470m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 90.1 48.87 SD eggs/female Female Adult Wallowa County (elev., 2470m) 7 Exposure Factor Datasets

Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum

Citation:

Growth and age of Alberta long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei): a comparison of two methods of estimation

Author(s)
Russell, Anthony P., G. Lawrence Powell and Dean R. Hall
Pages
397-412
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 yrs Not Reported Adult Bow Valley (elev., 1290-1375m), [lat.,51^o05'N; long., 115^o4'W] 170 Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 10 maximum lifespan yr Not Reported Adult Bow Valley (elev., 1290-1375m), [lat.,51^o05'N; long., 115^o4'W] 170 Exposure Factor Datasets

Empidonax traillii

Citation:

Livestock management and productivity of willow flycatchers in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Valentine, Bradley E., Thomas A. Roberts, Stephen P. Boland and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
105-114
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of clutch sizes 3-4 eggs Female Adult Sierra National Forest 6 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success range of hatching success 1-2 eggs/nest Not Reported Hatchling Sierra National Forest 6 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting May-August inclusive of pairing through departure from nesting territory Both Male and Female Adult Sierra National Forest 15 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size range of territory sizes during the breeding season 650-4131 m^2 Both Male and Female Adult Sierra National Forest 15 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 75% hatching success among total eggs laid Both Male and Female Hatchling Sierra National Forest 8 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50% proportion of nestlings known or believed to have fledged Both Male and Female Fledgling Sierra National Forest 8 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Traill's flycatcher breeding biology

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
50-68
Year
Issue
3
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.68 mean first clutch size 0.1 SE 3-5 eggs Female Adult Toledo, Wooster, OH 31 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
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