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Bubo virginianus

Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 914.2 (pallascens), 991.7 (pacificus), 1154.3 (occidentalis), 1317.8 (virgianus), 1238.6 (wapacuthu) Body weight means for 5 subspecies 319-372 g Male Adult 10-26 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1142.2 (pallascens), 1312.4 (pacificus), 1555.1 (occidentalis), 1768.5 (virgianus), 1556.0 (wapacuthu) body weight means for 5 subspecies g Female Adult 12-29 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Non-territorial 'floaters' in great horned owls: space use during a cyclic peak of snowshoe hares

Author(s)
Rohner, Christoph
Pages
901-912
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 24.8-26.1 mean home range size of nonterritorial individuals in 1990 and 1991 square km Both Male and Female Adult Kluane Lake (60 deg57'N, 138deg12'W), Yukon 6 (1990), 8 (1991) Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 4.83 mean territory size of territorial pairs 0.40 SE 2.30-8.83 square km Both Male and Female Adult Kluane Lake (60 deg57'N, 138deg12'W), Yukon 16 territories Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) in a Patagonian steppe in Argentina

Author(s)
Trejo, Ana, and Dora Grigera
Pages
306-311
Year
Issue
4
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition rodents (98.5%), birds + insects + reptiles + lagomorphs (1.5%) percent of prey types in diet (seasonal average) Not Reported Adult near Bariloche, northwest. Patagonia 522 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A banding study of Cincinnati area great horned owls

Author(s)
Holt, John B., Jr.
Pages
194-197
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1-4 brood size at the time of banding young/nest Not Reported Juvenile near Cincinnati 906 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 47.3% percent of nests with at least one young surviving to banding age (of all pairs observed) Not Reported Juvenile near Cincinnati 1777 territories Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult south-central Montana 3 eggs 0.74 (DDE), 0.07 (DDD + DDT), 0.16 (dieldrin), 0.11 (heptachlor epoxide) ppm, wet wt., in viable eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide levels, egg and eggshell parameters of great horned owls

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
184-187
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE 5% decrease eggshell thickness index compared with reference eggs Female Adult Butler, Delaware, Hamilton Counties 18 eggs, 15 clutches 3.0 (DDE), 1.7 (dieldrin), 0.1 (heptachlor epoxide), 3.1 (Arochlor 1254/60), 0.2 (oxychlordane) ppm (wet wt) in 4 eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide-related mortalities of raptors and other birds in New York, 1982-1986.

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B. and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
429-438
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, MIREX, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to pesticide exposure based on history, ante-mortem signs, and gross pathology Not Reported Not Reported 8 owls 13-96 (DDE), 0.01-0.65 (DDD), 0.03-0.17 (DDT, 2.83-71.0 (PCBs), 0.50-9.89 (dieldrin), 0.012-0.27 (HCB), 0.02-1.99 (Mirex), 0.12-7.74 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.98-8.68 (oxychlordane), 0.50-2.29 (trans-nonachlor), ppm wet wt, in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine toxicants in great horned owls from New York, 1981-82

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B., and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
1-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to PCB intoxication, based on brain residues Female Adult Greene County 1 owl 44.7 (DDE), 357 (PCB) ppm wet wt in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 owls 3.96-75.7 (DDE), <0.01-49.6 (PCBs), 0.44-14.6 (heptachlor epoxide), 1.16-5.87 (oxychlordane), 0.02-1.36 (trans-nonachlor), <0.01-10.3 (dieldrin) wet wt in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

First records of chlordane-related mortality in wild birds

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Charles J. Henny
Pages
196-198
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of mortality as a result of organochlorine poisoning Female Adult 6 km s. of Corvallis 1 owl 28.0 (DDE), 0.8 (dieldrin), 5.1 (hexachlorobenzene), 5.8 (heptachlor epoxide), 3.7 (oxychlordane), 0.1 (cis-chlordane), 0.1 (trans-onachlor), 8.2 (PCBs) ppm wet wt in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TERBUFOS decreased (>2 standard deviations of control mean) in 3 samples plasma cholinesterase activity after pesticide applications Not Reported Not Reported 6 samples 1.45 kg terbufos/ha TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR pesticide application Toxicity Factor Datasets
TERBUFOS no effect occurence of pesticide metabolites in fecal-urate samples Not Reported Not Reported 29 owls 1.45 kg terbufos/ha TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR pesticide application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosporous insecticides topically applied to livestock

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Elizabeth J. Kolbe, Elwood F. Hill and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
292-295
Year
Issue
2
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FAMPHUR 85% decrease post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Not Reported Malheur County 1 owl 15 ppm in post-mortem stomach contents TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biodeterioration of chlorophacinone in voles, hawks and an owl

Author(s)
Askham, L.R. and R.M. Poche
Pages
145-150
Year
Issue
1
Volume
56
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CHLOROPHACINONE 99 ug total carcass residues 28 d after removal from treatment Not Reported Adult 1 owl 3.2 ppm in voles maintained on treated food TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 6 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLOROPHACINONE no effect occurence of external bleeding or internal abnormalities after removal from treated diet Not Reported Adult 1 owl 3.2 ppm in voles maintained on treated food TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Secondary poisoning of owls by anticoagulant rodenticides

Author(s)
Mendenhall, V.M. and L.F. Pank
Pages
311-315
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIPHACINONE 4.1-5.5 mg doses resulting in symptoms and death in 2/3 birds within 14 days Not Reported Adult 3 owls 4.1-5.5 mg total consumed in mice fed a 0.01% bait TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIPHACINONE increased time to coagulation in blood sampled 3 days after treatment ended Not Reported Adult 3 owls 4.1-5.5 mg total consumed in mice fed a 0.01% bait TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of strychnine on the behavior of great horned owls and red-tailed hawks

Author(s)
Cheney, Carl D., Stephen B. Vander Wall and Ruthe J. Poehlmann
Pages
103-110
Year
Issue
3
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird 1.8 mg injected into mouse TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects single exposure diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Athene cunicularia

Citation:

Ventilatory responses of the burrowing owl and bobwhite to hypercarbia and hypoxia

Author(s)
Boggs, Dona F. and Delbert L. Kilgore, Jr.
Pages
527-533
Year
Volume
149
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Inhalation Rate 3.27 average resting tidal volume 0.08 SE ml BTPS Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets
Inhalation Rate 39.7 average resting inhalation rate 1.16 SE per minute Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 4.28 average resting oxygen consumption 0.12 SE ml STPD/min Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Physiological and physical aspects of temperature regulation in the burrowing owl Speotyto cunicularia

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
307-337
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 0.95 oxygen consumption in zone of thermoneutrality (at 30.1 degrees, Celsius) 0.04 cubic cm O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Inhalation Rate 25 average breathing rate at ambient temperatures below body temperature breaths/min Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Inhalation Rate 340 breathing rate with heat loading (gular flutter onset) breaths/min Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of burrow site use on the reproductive success of a partially migratory population of western burrowing owls (Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea)

Author(s)
Botelho, Eugene S., and Patricia C. Arrowood
Pages
233-240
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Hatching Success 3.5 mean hatching success in artificial burrows 2.9 SE eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Juvenile New Mexico State University 8 clutches, 66 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.8 mean clutch size in artificial burrows 1.8 SE eggs/clutch Female Adult New Mexico State University 8 clutches, 66 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.5 mean fledging rate in artificial burrows 1.5 SE 0-4 fledglings/nest Not Reported Juvenile New Mexico State University 8 clutches, 66 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 2.2 mean hatching success in natural burrows 1.9 SE eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Juvenile New Mexico State University 59 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.9 mean fledging rate in natural burrows 1.9 SE fledglings/nest Not Reported Juvenile New Mexico State University 59 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding-season food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in southwestern Dominican Republic

Author(s)
Wiley, James W.
Pages
241-245
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mammals (4.7%), birds (50.4%), amphibians (1.3%), reptiles (12.8%), insects (30.8%) percent composition of diet by biomass % Not Reported Adult Sierra de Bahoruco 396 identified prey items Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
STRYCHNINE no effect proportion of pairs that raised at least 1 young Both Male and Female Adult Saskatchewan 27 pr 2.5 mg/g dry bait application for ground squirrels TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet (secondary exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRYCHNINE no effect number of young produced per nest attempt Both Male and Female Juvenile Saskatchewan 27 pr 2.5 mg/g dry bait application for ground squirrels TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet (secondary exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRYCHNINE no effect number of chicks produced per successful pair Both Male and Female Juvenile Saskatchewan 27 pr 2.5 mg/g dry bait application for ground squirrels TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet (secondary exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRYCHNINE no effect chick mass index Both Male and Female Juvenile Saskatchewan 27 pr 2.5 mg/g dry bait application for ground squirrels TOX-REPRO - development NR diet (secondary exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRYCHNINE decrease adult body weight Both Male and Female Adult Saskatchewan 27 pr 2.5 mg/g dry bait application for ground squirrels TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal NR diet (secondary exposure) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Heptachlor seed treatment contaminates hawks, owls, and eagles of Columbia Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and T. Earl Kaiser
Pages
41-48
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
HEPTACHLOR no effect mean clutch size Female Adult Columbia Basin 6 nests 0.16-0.19 ppm (wet wt) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult Columbia Basin 6 nests 0.16-0.19 ppm (wet wt) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
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