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Falco peregrinus

Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 622.0 (DDE), 25.4 (DDD), 25.3 (DDT), 6.20 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in fat (ppm, dry weight) Both Male and Female Adult Yukon River 4 birds range of mean concentrations in prey items, ppm dry wt: 0.32-6.02 (DDE), 0.07-0.17 (DDD), 0.09-0.19 (DDT), 0.00-0.11 (dieldrin) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide residues in Arizona peregrine falcon eggs and prey

Author(s)
Ellis, D.H., L.R. Deweese, T.G. Grubb, L.F. Kiff, D.G. Smith, W. M. Jarman, and D.B. Peakall
Pages
57-64
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 6.4-33 ppm, dry wt range of concentrations in whole addled eggs Female Adult 5 eggs from 3 clutches 0.01-8.78 ppm, wet wt, in composite prey samples TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 14.2% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 26 breeding attempts 0.01-8.78 ppm, wet wt, in composite prey samples TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in Rocky Mountain peregrines, Falco peregrinus, and their prey

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Gerald R. Craig, William A. Burnham, and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
255-264
Year
Issue
3
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE negative correlation correlation of heptachlor epoxide concentration in eggs and eggshell thickness Female Adult 38 eggs 0.10-1.10 ppm, wet wt, in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 21:0.09 ratio of average concentration of DDE in eggs to average concentration of DDE in prey items Female Adult 12 prey species, pooled samples of 7-10 individuals range of mean concentrations in prey species: 0.04-6.0 ppm, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 295 eggs range of mean concentrations in eggs: 0.58-15.19 ppm, wet wt TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental) brood size = 0.848 - 0.635(log DDE) - 0.271(log Hg) linear regression of brood size vs mercury and DDE concentrations in eggs Female Adult 60 eggs range of geometric mean concentrations in eggs: 0.21-1.27 ppm, dry wt TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) productivity = 1.412 - 0.724(log DDE) linear regression of productivity (mean number of young raised per pair) vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs range of mean concentrations in eggs: 0.58-15.19 ppm, wet wt TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 15 ppm DDE, 0.7 ppm heptachlor epoxide concentrations in eggs associated with population recovery Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 550 eggs from 469 clutches range of mean concentrations in eggs, ppm, wet wt: 0.58-15.19 (DDE); 0.01 - 0.77 (heptachlor epoxide) TOX-POP - size effects NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated dioxins and furans, and PCBs in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus eggs from the Kola Peninsula, Russia

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Sergei A. Ganusevich, F. Prescott Ward, and Ted R. Schwartz
Pages
739-749
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 11.4% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-DDT reference eggs Female Adult Kola Peninsula 8 nests geom. mean concentrations in eggs, ppm, wet wt: 3.5 (DDE), 7.3 (PCBs), wet wt, in eggs (geometric means) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mercury levels in feathers of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus compared with total mercury content in some of its prey species in Sweden

Author(s)
Lindberg, Peter, and Tjelvar Odsjo
Pages
297-318
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MERCURY (elemental) 2.80 - 10.60 ppm, dry wt (females) 3.70 - 8.95 ppm, dry wt (males) range of concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers Both Male and Female Adult Southern Sweden 3 sample periods; 1-9 birds/sample period < 0.1 to between 0.1 and 0.2 ppm, wet wt, in pectoral muscles of avian prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental) 6.90-29.50 ppm, dry wt (females) 12.10 ppm, dry wt (males) concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers Both Male and Female Adult Northern Sweden 20 females, 1 male < 0.1 to >0.4 ppm, wet wt, in pectoral muscles of avian prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental) 2.79 (3.10) ppm, dry wt mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers Not Reported Juvenile Southern Sweden 3 nests < 0.1 to between 0.1 and 0.2 ppm, wet wt, in pectoral muscles of avian prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental) 8.31(2.59) ppm, dry wt mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers Not Reported Juvenile Northern Sweden 3 nests < 0.1 to >0.4 ppm, wet wt, in pectoral muscles of avian prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide contamination in three species of raptor and their prey in south Australia

Author(s)
Falkenberg, Ian D., Terry E. Dennis, and Brian D. Williams
Pages
163-173
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 16% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult South Australia 13 eggs 3.98 ppm, wet wt, in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDT and dieldrin: effects on resident peregrine falcon populations in south-eastern Australia

Author(s)
Olsen, Penny, Bill Emison, Nick Mooney, and Nigel Brothers
Pages
89-100
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) eggshell thickness index = 1.888 - 0.281(log DDE) linear regression of eggshell thickness index and DDE content of eggs Female Adult Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia 137 eggs 1.8-12.4 ppm, wet wt, in eggs (range of geometric means) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) productivity = 1.79 - 0.04(DDE) linear regression of productivity (number of young fledged per site) and DDE concentrations in eggs Both Male and Female Adult Tasmania 9 eggs range of geometric means, ppm, wet wt: 2.0-6.1 (eggs); 0.06 - 1.78 (typical prey items) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide residues and shell thinning in eggs of peregrines in Norway

Author(s)
Nygard, Torgeir
Pages
161-166
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) review data correlating eggshell thinning and DDE concentrations in eggs Female Adult Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - physiology NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in eggs and prey of peregrine falcons from Victoria, Australia

Author(s)
Pruett-Jones, Stephen G., Clayton M. White, and William B. Emison
Pages
281-287
Year
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) no relation linear regression of eggshell thickness and DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult Victoria 35 eggs range of concentrations, ppm, wet wt: 2.30 to 82.00 (eggs); negligible to 0.74 (representative prey species) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Analysis of peregrine falcon eggs in Ecuador

Author(s)
Jenny, J. Peter, William A. Burnham, Tjitte DeVries, Nancy Hilgert, and Fernando Ortiz
Pages
502
Year
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 2 eggs, 1 nest 0.69-1.40 ppm, wet wt, in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets

Falco sparverius

Citation:

Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels

Author(s)
Vyas, N.B., L.A. Thiele, S.C. Garland
Pages
151-157
Year
Volume
120
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FENTHION increased @ all doses mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 8 0,23.6,47.2,94.5,189.0 ppm in diet TOX-MORT - dose-response data 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBOFURAN increased at 63.4, 126.8, 253.6 ppm mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 8 0,31.7,63.4,126.8,253.6 ppm in diet TOX-MORT - dose-response data 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
FENTHION decreased to 10% of control levels brain cholinesterase activity of birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 0,23.6,47.2,94.5,189.0 ppm in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBOFURAN decreased to 35% of controls brain cholinesterase activity in birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 0,31.7,63.4,126.8,253.6 ppm in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed selenomethionine and naturally incorporated selenium

Author(s)
Yamamoto, Julie T., Gary M. Santolo, and Barry W. Wilson
Pages
2494-2497
Year
Issue
12
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENOMETHIONINE Y=1.132 + 0.801X (R^2 = 0.932) relationship between Se concentrations in diet and blood Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group 0,5,9 ppm, dry wt, in diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 77 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS 7.5 ppm Se, dry wt maximum observed Se concentration in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs/group 8 ppm, dry wt, in contaminated prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 77 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of mortality or signs of toxicity Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group 0,5,9 ppm, dry wt, in diet TOX-MORT - dose-response data 77 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, D.M. Fry, and J.L. Cowles
Pages
364-372
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DICOFOL decreased 5.45% (@ 5 mg/kg), 10.98% (@ 20 mg/kg) eggshell thickness compared to controls Female Adult 10/group 0,5,20 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology daily, throughout breeding season gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICOFOL non-detectable (@ 5 mg/kg), 560 ng/g (@ 20 mg/kg) mean concentration of metabolite dichlorobenzophenone in eggs Female Adult 10/group 0,5,20 mg/kg bw TOX-EXP IND - accumulation daily, throughout breeding season gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICOFOL increased @ 5 and 20 mg/kg incidence of abnormal embyronic gonads Both Male and Female Embryo 10/group 0,5,20 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - development daily, throughout breeding season gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICOFOL increased @ 5 mg/kg numbers of chicks or eggs lost (destroyed) by breeding male and female offspring of dicofol-treated females versus controls Female Adult 10/group 0,5,20 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - development daily, throughout breeding season gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICOFOL no effect eggshell thickness for breeding female offspring of dicofol-treated females versus controls Female Adult 10/group 0,5,20 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology daily, throughout breeding season gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICOFOL increased @ 5 mg/kg bw incidence of abnormal gonads in male offspring of dicofol-treated females versus controls Male Adult 10/group 0,5,20 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - development daily, throughout breeding season gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior of captive American kestrels hatched from o,p-dicofol exposed females

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, L.J. Shutt, and D.M. Fry
Pages
411-415
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DICOFOL increased incidence of abnormal behavior in adult offspring of treated females Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs/group 0,5,20 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - behavior daily, throughout the breeding season gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Developmental Toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Mark J. Melancon, Patrice N. Klein, Clifford P. Rice, John D. Eisemann, Randy K. Hines, James W. Spann, and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
188-200
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) decreased @ 250, 1000 ng/g bw body and organ growth versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group 0,50,250,1000 g/ng bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 50,250,1000 ng/g bw incidence and severity of lesions in liver, spleen, bursa, thyroid versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group 0,50,250,1000 g/ng bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 10 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased plasma enzyme activities indicative of hepatotoxicity versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group 0,50,250,1000 g/ng bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect hematocrit and hemoglobin values versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group 0,50,250,1000 g/ng bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 50,250,1000 ng/g bw hepatic monooxygenase activities versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group 0,50,250,1000 g/ng bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) in ng/g, wet wt: 156 (@ 50 ng/g), 380 (@ 250 ng/g), 1098 (@1000 ng/g) concentration in liver Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group 0,50,250,1000 g/ng bw TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
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