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Empidonax traillii

Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 29% total egg-to-fledgling success rate Not Reported Fledgling Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) 5 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 24/31 total number of eggs hatched relative to estimate of total eggs laid eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Nestling Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 3000 average territory size of paired males based on observed perch locations 2000 SD 800-7000 m^2 Male Adult Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) 8 territories Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.68 mean clutch size in first nests 0.1 SE 3-5 eggs/nest Female Adult Wooster and Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE 31 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 mean clutch size in renests 0.1 SE 2-4 eggs/nest Female Adult Wooster and Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE 29 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest success and age-specific mortality in Traill's flycatchers

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
837-841
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 36.4% percent of young fledged of total eggs laid Not Reported Fledgling Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE 272 eggs, 91 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 54.8 % percent of eggs hatched of total eggs laid Not Reported Hatchling Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE 272 eggs, 91 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.11 mean fledglings in nests of known numbers of eggs fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE 89 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality see figure in citation figure showing percent survival over time of eggs and nestlings Not Reported Embryo, Nestling Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE 272 eggs, 91 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A high incidence of brown-headed cowbird parasitism of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Sedgwick, James A. and Fritz L. Knopf
Pages
253-256
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 56.3% percent of unparasitized nests with at least one fledgling Not Reported Fledgling Illinois River, Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge (elev. 2,500 m) 16 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 18.2% percent of parasitized nests with at least one fledgling Not Reported Fledgling Illinois River, Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge (elev. 2,500 m) 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding-time minimization and the territorial behavior of the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Author(s)
Prescott, David R.C. and Alex L.A. Middleton
Pages
17-28
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4 first clutch size in 13/14 females observed eggs/nest Female Adult Badenoch Swamp, 14 km SE of Guelph (69 deg, 32'N, 80 deg, 13' W) 14 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 3,009 mean territory size based on observed perch sites and territorial disputes 153 SE m^2 Male Adult Badenoch Swamp, 14 km SE of Guelph (69 deg, 32'N, 80 deg, 13' W) 61 observation periods Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Mollusca (4), Arachnida (19), Isopoda (4), Orthoptera (15), Hemiptera (56), Coleoptera (7), Lepidoptera adult (20), Lepidoptera larvae (10), Diptera adult (188), Hymenoptera adult (9), Hymenoptera larvae (1) numbers of food items delivered to nestlings fitted with neck ligatures Not Reported Nestling Badenoch Swamp, 14 km SE of Guelph (69 deg, 32'N, 80 deg, 13' W) 333 food items collected Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
644-655
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Surface Area 0.00487 estimated area of the external plumage surface (geometrical approximation) of 13.2 g bird m^2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 13.2 mean body weight during breeding season g Female Adult collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County 5 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.325 predicted daytime basal metabolic rate W Not Reported Adult collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.241 predicted night time basal metabolic rate W Not Reported Adult collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Bubo virginianus

Citation:

Growth analysis of a female great horned owl in central Ohio

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
218-221
Year
Issue
6
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 0.1900 growth constant based on logistic growth equation Female Nestling Delaware County 1 owl Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying February (peak), March (end) egg laying dates Female Adult Pima and Pinal Counties 16 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean clutch size 2-4 eggs/clutch Female Adult Pima and Pinal Counties 16 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 rate of production of young at least 4 weeks old young/nest Not Reported Nestling Pima and Pinal Counties 16 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 9/16 fraction of nests that sucessfully raised at least one nestling to the age of 4 weeks successful nests/total nests Both Male and Female Adult Pima and Pinal Counties 16 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 average clutch size 0.56 2-4 eggs/clutch Female Adult Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 12 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 2.67 average number of young hatched 1.09 hatches/nest Not Reported Nestling Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 12 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.67 average number of young fledged 1.09 fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 12 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of numbers of nesting pairs counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site 3-5 pairs/study site Both Male and Female Adult Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 4 years Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of numbers of individual owls counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site 11-19 individuals/study site Both Male and Female Adult Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 4 years Exposure Factor Datasets

Falco sparverius

Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.0 average number of young fledged 0.41 fledges/nest Not Reported Fledgling Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 10 number of nesting pairs counted annually on study site pairs/1476 sq km Both Male and Female Adult Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 4 years Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 20 number of individual kestrels counted annually on study site individuals/1476 sq km Both Male and Female Adult Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties 4 years Exposure Factor Datasets

Colaptes auratus

Citation:

A study of radio-equipped flickers

Author(s)
Royall, W.C., Jr., and O.E. Bray
Pages
47-50
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range range of home range size based on telemetry location data 48-101 ha Not Reported Adult Lakewood, Jefferson County 4 birds, 20-99 radio fixes per bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Foraging Distance range of distances between night roost location and the following day's locations 0-1.4 km Not Reported Adult Lakewood, Jefferson County 4 birds, 20-99 radio fixes per bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 140 average body weight at time of capture 131-144 g Not Reported Adult Lakewood, Jefferson County 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods and of food brought to the nest by four species of cavity-nesting birds

Author(s)
Duyck, Bill E. and Douglas B. McNair
Pages
21-29
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8 first clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult Asheville, Buncombe County 1 nest Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 11 incubation period d Not Reported Embryo Asheville, Buncombe County 1 nest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Geographic variation in clutch size in the northern flicker (Colaptes auratus): support for Ashmole's hypothesis

Author(s)
Koenig, Walter D.
Pages
698-706
Year
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 6.5 average size of clutches existing in North American museum collections 1.4 SD 3-12 eggs/clutch Female Adult 411 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Delayed nesting decreases reproductive success in northern flickers: implications for competition with European starlings

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
321-326
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 6.18 average size of clutches laid early in the breeding season eggs/clutch Female Adult New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) 17 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.71 average size of clutches laid late in the breeding season (1990-92,1994) eggs/clutch Female Adult New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) 7 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets

Colaptes auratus ssp. chrysoides

Citation:

Clutch size of the gilded flicker

Author(s)
Koenig, Walter D.
Pages
89-90
Year
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.20 average size of clutches existing in North American oological collections eggs/clutch Female Adult 57 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
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