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Falco sparverius

Citation:

Food habits and abundance of raptors in an agricultural area of Tulare County, California

Author(s)
Hawkins, Cole Carlson
Pages
102
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition insects (97%), isopod (5%), birds (27%), mammals (25%) percent occurrence in sample pellets Not Reported Not Reported agricultural lands Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Clutch sizes, hatchability rates, and sex ratios of sparrow hawks in eastern Pennsylvania

Author(s)
Heintzelman, Donald S. and Alexander C. Nagy
Pages
306-311
Year
Issue
3
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 30.9 incubation period 28-35 d Both Male and Female Embryo Berks county 2 clutches (8 eggs) Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 78 hatching success % Both Male and Female Hatchling Berks county 55 eggs (14 clutches) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.23 1-6 eggs Female Adult Berks county 13 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An analysis of the population dynamics of selected avian species with special reference to changes during the modern pesticide era

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
23-28
Publisher
United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.59 0.60 SD eggs/clutch Female Adult 244 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.602 mortality rate estimate for banded individuals 0.035 SD Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles throughout USA and Canada 118 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.465 mortality rate of banded individuals, 1946-65 0.017 SD Both Male and Female Adult throughout USA and Canada 6,544 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The incidence of man-caused and natural mortalities to raptors

Author(s)
Keran, Doug
Pages
108-112
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Longevity 118 longest survival of a banded individual mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,017 records of mortality Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 12.6 average length of survival of banded individuals mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles throughout USA 1,017 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Differential habitat use by sexes of American kestrels wintering in northern California

Author(s)
Koplin, James R.
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 34 average density +/- 11 95% CI kestrels/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles coastal and coast range areas 135 obs. Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foraging strategies of American kestrels during breeding

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
1268-1276
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 23 individuals per 96 km2 Both Male and Female Adult agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) 23 Exposure Factor Datasets
Foraging Distance distance foraged from nest <0.5-3.5 km Female Adult agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The hunting behavior of American kestrels: Applications of foraging theory

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri Gale
Pages
64
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mammal (57%), insect (42%), other (1%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult agricultural lands 59 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammal (43%), insect (51%), other (6%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult agricultural lands 71 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammal (39%), insect (60%), other (6%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult agricultural lands 95 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammal (24%), insect (74%), other (2%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult agricultural lands 104 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammal (82%), insect (16%), other (2%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult agricultural lands 116 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of vegetative cover on foraging strategies, hunting success and nesting distribution of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R.
Pages
14-20
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 48 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows 1 study area Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 50 individuals in 175 km2 Both Male and Female Adult agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows 1 study area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.0 three year mean fledging rate 3.5-5.46 number of fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling rural and urban lands 28 pairs Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.1 mean clutch size over 3 years 4.8-5.2 eggs per nest Female Adult rural and urban lands 28 pairs Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.06 mean pair density in study area (194 km2) 0.05-0.13 pairs per km2 Both Male and Female Adult rural and urban lands 5 years Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.22 mean density in study area individuals per km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles rural and urban lands 5 years Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A study of factors affecting nesting raptor populations in urban ares, Sacramento County, California - 1974

Author(s)
Vincenty, Joseph A., III
Pages
1-21
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report No. 74-5
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.2 fledging rate per successful nest fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling American River; oak woodlands, grasslands, residential 17 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Hatching Success 79 mean hatchability measured over 4 years 70-83 % Both Male and Female Hatchling Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) 157 boxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding behavior of the American kestrel (sparrow hawk)

Author(s)
Willoughby, Ernest J. and Tom J. Cade
Pages
75-96
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28.4 mean incubation period in captivity 27-33 d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.66 mean clutch size in captivity 3-4 eggs Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Prediction of raptor resting metabolism: comparison of measured values with statistical and biophysical estimates

Author(s)
Hayes, Stephen R. and James A. Gessaman
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Surface Area 7.15 x 10E-3 dorsal surface area m^2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Surface Area 7.15 x 10E-3 ventral surface area m^2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Athene cunicularia

Citation:

Diets of five species of desert owls

Author(s)
Barrows, Cameron W.
Pages
1-10
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys sp (8-18%), Perognathus sp (4-29%), insects (53-75%), crayfish (0-9%), reptiles (0-5%), birds (0-1%) frequency of occurence in pellets Both Male and Female Adult Coachella Valley 3 burrows Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Note on food habits of the screech owl and the burrowing owl of southeastern Oregon

Author(s)
Brown, Barbara A., John O. Whitaker, Thomas W. French and Chris Maser
Pages
421-426
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition vertebrates (14.3%), invertebrates (85.7%) percent of diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult Malheur county 150 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and population ecology of the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia, in the Imperial Valley of California

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density breeding season density based on roadside censuses 12-13 birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Imperial Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses 3-4 birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Imperial Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Results of the 1991 census of burrowing owls in central California: an alarmingly small and declining population

Author(s)
Desante, D.F., E. Ruhlen, S. Amin, and K.M. Burton
Pages
59
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 925 estimate of number of pairs in census area pairs/43,235 km^2 Both Male and Female Not Reported San Francisco Bay and Central Valley areas 198 UTM blocks censused Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting success and habitat relationships of burrowing owls in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Green, Gregory A and Robert G. Anthony
Pages
347-354
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50-57% percent of occupied nests that fledged young Both Male and Female Adult Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties 63-76 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition arthropods (92%), vertebrates (8%) percent occurrence in diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Not Reported Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties 5,559 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative diets of burrowing owls in Oregon and Washington

Author(s)
Green, Gregory A., Richard E. Fitzner, Robert G. Anthony and Lee E. Rogers
Pages
88-93
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition vertebrate (86.7%), invertebrate (13.3%) diet composition by percent biomass in pellets Both Male and Female Adult Columbia Basin pellets 5,559 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition vertebrate (89.9%), invertebrate (10.1%) diet composition by percent biomass in pellets Both Male and Female Adult Columbia Basin 769 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Artificial burrows provide new insight into burrowing owl nesting biology

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J. and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
82-85
Year
Issue
3
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8-12 eggs/clutch Female Adult Umatillo and Morrow counties 4 burrows Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success based on number of young observed at burrow 80-91 % Both Male and Female Hatchling Umatillo and Morrow counties 4 burrows Exposure Factor Datasets
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