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Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | range in percent of clutches hatching at least one chick (over 4 years) | 39.5-68.2 | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.64 | number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) | fledglings/brood | Not Reported | Fledgling | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 22 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 81 nesting females | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Survival/ Mortality | 0.778 | minimum annual survival rates of marked individuals | Male | Adult | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | 18 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Survival/ Mortality | 0.743 | minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals (2 years and both sexes pooled) | Both Male and Female | Adult | Monterey Bay | 101 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Survival/ Mortality | 0.643 | minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals | Not Reported | Juvenile | Point Reyes | 14 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | Mar 9 (females), Mar 24 (males) | mean dates of spring migrant arrival to breeding grounds | Both Male and Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 44 males, 59 females | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar 23 to Jul 13 | period between onset and end of egg laying | Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 6-84 clutches laid/month | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Territory Size | <0.5 | defended nesting territory size on salt pan habitat | ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | most frequent clutch size | 2-4 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 171 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 27.4 | average incubation period (measured from last egg laid to last egg hatched) | 0.2 SE | 26-32 | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Pajaro River Mouth | 57 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | 30.9 | fledging period, measured from hatch to first flight of at least 3 m | 29-33 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Pajaro River Mouth | 22 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 92.7 | percent of 16 day old chicks that fledged | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | Pajaro River Mouth | 124 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Hatching Success | 58.2 | percent of clutches in which at least one egg hatched (over six years) | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Pajaro River Mouth | 189 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Hatching Success | 55.2 | percent of all eggs that hatched (over 6 years) | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Pajaro River Mouth | 534 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Fledging or Weaning Rate | percent of hatched chicks that fledged (over 6 years) | 39-42 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Pajaro River Mouth | 296 chicks | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Survival/ Mortality | 78.6 | percent annual survival | % | Male | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 56 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Survival/ Mortality | 72.6 | percent annual survival | % | Female | Adult | Pajaro River Mouth | 73 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore | 5 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density | 6.2 (fall), 19.2 (winter), 6.6 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Limantour Estero | 10 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Mar to mid Jun | period of migrant arrival to breeding grounds | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 3 yrs data collection | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Mar to May 31; Jul 1-15 | peaks of migrant arrival to breeding grounds | Male | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 3 yrs data collection | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr 10-Jul 18 | egg-laying period | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 3 yrs data collection | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Foraging Distance | 177 | median foraging distance from nest | 25%-75% quartiles=64-466 | up to 3770 | m | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 192 observations | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Foraging Distance | 272 | median foraging distance from nest | 25%-75% quartiles=110-580 | up to 2030 | m | Male | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 266 observations | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | modal clutch size | 2-5 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 327 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.87 | average number of chicks fledged per successful brood | chicks/brood | Female | Adult | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | 3 yrs data collection | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 2.55 | mean clutch size | 0.69 SD | 1-3 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Baja California peninsula | 36 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 7.6 (fall), 15.4 (winter), 2.2 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore | 5 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density | 2.2 (fall), 1.8 (winter), 1.3 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Limantour Estero | 10 seasons censused | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 71.1 | body weight of an individual bird | g | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | foraging distance from nesting sites | approx. 2 - >2 | mi | Not Reported | Adult | Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River | 10-11 surveys/site | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Jul | timing of post-fledging dispersal | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | Santa Margarita River | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Aug-Sep | timing of departure from breeding areas | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | 4 nesting areas, 2 years | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Clutch or Litter Size | range of average clutch sizes over 2 years | 1.72-2.22 | eggs/clutch | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | 230-336 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Hatching Success | proportion of eggs hatched of total eggs laid over 2 years | 60.8-79.9 | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | 419-734 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Survival/ Mortality | estimated annual mortality rate for two years based on juvenile censuses | 56-74 | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | 92-195 birds counted | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Molt | May-Jul | timing of primary molt | Not Reported | Adult | coastal areas | 190 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Molt | mid/late Jul-Sep | timing of pre-basic molt | Not Reported | Adult | coastal areas | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 76.8 | estimated survival rate of banded juveniles | 2.0 2SE | % | Not Reported | Fledgling | Aransas and San Patricio Counties | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |