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Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Environmental influences on the energetics and behavior of anhingas and double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Henneman, Willard W., III
Pages
201-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 85 measured during the day over temperature range -10 to 45 C cm^3 O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 74 measured at night over temperature range -10 to 45 C cm^3 O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate minimal metabolic rate measured over a range of incident radiation (0-700 watts/m^2) 85-95 cm^3 O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 5 cormorants Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 0.120 rate of growth from hatch to fledge 0.017 SD Not Reported Juvenile Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 33 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 2.96 SD g Not Reported Hatchling Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 33 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1900.5 mean asymptotic weight of fledglings 189.8 SD g Not Reported Fledgling Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 33 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 4.30 mean frequency of daily feeding of first hatched chick of a brood 1.90 SD feedings/d Not Reported Juvenile Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 64 observations Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate mean meal weight of chicks aged 5-37 days 10-125 g Not Reported Juvenile Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 2 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 12/46 number died/number hatched Not Reported Juvenile Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 14 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Daily activity budgets and movements of winter roosting double-crested cormorants determined by biotelemetry in the Delta region of the Mississippi

Author(s)
King, D. Tommy, James F. Glahn and Keith J. Andrews
Pages
152-157
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Foraging Distance 15.7 mean distance travelled from night roost to foraging site 2.0 SE 3.5-61.8 km Both Male and Female Adult Mississippi River Delta 33 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae

Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Pages
81-124
Year
Issue
2
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 17-08 from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data yr-mo Not Reported Adult 4174 band recoveries Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting April-June period during which nest initiations were observed Both Male and Female Adult San Francisco Bay estuary 296-424 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.98 +/- 0.07 to 1.78 +/- 0.06 mean number of chicks fledged/nest (over 3 years) Both Male and Female Fledgling San Francisco Bay estuary 296-424 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.1+/- 0.1 to 3.2+/- 0.1 mean number of eggs/nest (over 3 years) Female Adult San Francisco Bay estuary 263-312 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 76% proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling San Francisco Bay estuary 1056 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Characteristics of a rapidly increasing colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Lake Ontario: Population Size, Reproductive Parameters and Band Recoveries

Author(s)
Weseloh, D.V. Chip and Peter J. Ewins
Pages
443-456
Year
Issue
2
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size range in mean clutches in ground nests (across 4 years) 2.82-3.62 Female Adult Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) 34-127 nests/colony Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.14 mean number of young produced/active nest (across 10 yrs) Both Male and Female Fledgling Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of total mercury levels in relation to diet and molt for nine species of marine birds

Author(s)
Braune, Birgit M.
Pages
217-224
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition herring (25%), sculpin (92%), flounder (8%), anemones (8%), snails (17%), mussels (33%), amphipods (25%), isopods (17%), benthic shrimp (25%), crabs (25%), bryozoans (58%), algae (50%) frequency of occurrence of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Quoddy Region, New Brunswick 12 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth, body components and energy content of nestling double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Dunn, Erica H.
Pages
431-438
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 0.208 K; index of rate at which asymptotic weight is being gained Not Reported Nestling Duck Island, Isle of Shoals 1-52/sample day Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1900 asymptotic weight of nestlings g Not Reported Nestling Duck Island, Isle of Shoals Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foods of nestling double-crested cormorants in Penobscot Bay, Maine, USA: Temporal and spatial comparisons

Author(s)
Blackwell, Bradley F., William B. Krohn and R. Bradford Allen
Pages
199-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition sculpin, rock gunnel, blueback herring, alewife, wrymouth, sand shrimp, cunner, American eel, rock crab, N. Caridean shrimp, sand shrimp, white perch, yellow perch, rainbow smelt, N. lobster, Atlantic tomcod primary dietary items from nestling regurgitant samples Not Reported Nestling Penobscot Bay 673 samples Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 average incubation 26-30 d Not Reported Hatchling Utah Lake, Utah County 16 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1-2 clutches/yr Female Adult Utah Lake, Utah County 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 2-6 eggs/nest Female Adult Utah Lake, Utah County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 36 g Not Reported Hatchling Utah Lake, Utah County 16 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1543 g Not Reported Juvenile Utah Lake, Utah County 13 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Measurements of wintering double-crested cormorants and discriminant models of sex

Author(s)
Glahn, James F., and R. Barry McCoy
Pages
299-304
Year
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 2498.1 body weight 16.0 SE 2000-3000 g Male Adult 160 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2162.2 body weight 29.8 SE 1650-2600 g Female Adult 41 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food of double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus, in the gulf and estuary of the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada

Author(s)
Rail, Jean-Francois, and Gilles Chapdelaine
Pages
635-643
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition gunnels (5%), sculpins (1%), sand lance (44%), capelin (34%), flatfishes (11%), clupeids (4%), other (1%) proportion of prey species in diet by percent volume % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf 187 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues to breeding pelicans and cormorants

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph J. Hickey, Robert W. Risebrough, Donald F. Hughes, and Robert E. Christensen
Pages
91-112
Year
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 10.4 ppm DDE, 8 ppm est. PCBs, <0.1 ppm DDD, 0.2 ppm DDT residues measured in live and dead eggs Female Adult 11 colonies <0.1-0.08 ppm DDE, <0.01-0.5 ppm est. PCBs, <0.01-0.04 ppm DDD, <0.01-0.01 ppm DDT in dietary fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative correlation correlation of egg concentration of DDE and est. PCB's and shell thickness and weight Female Adult 35 eggs <0.1-0.08 ppm DDE, <0.01-0.5 ppm est. PCBs, <0.01-0.04 ppm DDD, <0.01-0.01 ppm DDT in dietary fish TOX-REPRO - physiology parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements eggshell thickness Female Adult 35 eggs <0.1-0.08 ppm DDE, <0.01-0.5 ppm est. PCBs, <0.01-0.04 ppm DDD, <0.01-0.01 ppm DDT in dietary fish TOX-REPRO - physiology parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues and shell thinning in Oregon seabird eggs

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
15-21
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect shell thickness Female Adult OR coast 10 eggs from 10 nests 1.6 ppm wet wt DDE, 1.3 ppm wet wt PCBs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR dietary Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryonic abnormalities and organochlorine contamination in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from the upper Great Lakes in 1988

Author(s)
Yamashita, Nobuyoshi, Shinsuke Tanabe, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita, Matthew E. Ludwig, and Ryo Tatsukawa
Pages
163-173
Year
Volume
79
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of deformities in live embryos relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents of PCBs, PCDFs, and PCDDs Not Reported Embryo Lakes Michigan, Huron, Superior, North Channel Not Reported 3.6-7.3 ug/g wet wt TOX-REPRO - development 10-12 days and 21-24 days (embryo ages) in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double-crested cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas, Ross J. Norstrom, John E. Elliott, Leslie E. Hart, Kimberly M. Cheng and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
247-265
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased at 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Mean yolk weight of eggs Female Both Adults and Juveniles Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg total hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg hepatic EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive regression linear regression of hepatic EROD activity or cyt P450 content on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative regression linear regression of wing length on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-REPRO - development NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic Ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
131-145
Year
Volume
132
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg mortality Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
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