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Pelecanus occidentalis

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1698.4 asymptotic weight (40 days) 35.2 SE g Both Male and Female Nestling St. Lawrence estuary 65 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The gaseous metabolism of large wild birds under aviary life

Author(s)
Benedict, Francis G., and Edward L. Fox
Pages
511-534
Publisher
American Philosophical Society
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 75 average basal metabolism (heat production) 75-76 cal/kg/d Not Reported Adult 1 bird (3 measurements) Exposure Factor Datasets

Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 average incubation 26-30 d Not Reported Hatchling Utah Lake, Utah County 16 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1-2 clutches/yr Female Adult Utah Lake, Utah County 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 2-6 eggs/nest Female Adult Utah Lake, Utah County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 36 g Not Reported Hatchling Utah Lake, Utah County 16 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1543 g Not Reported Juvenile Utah Lake, Utah County 13 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Measurements of wintering double-crested cormorants and discriminant models of sex

Author(s)
Glahn, James F., and R. Barry McCoy
Pages
299-304
Year
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 2498.1 body weight 16.0 SE 2000-3000 g Male Adult 160 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2162.2 body weight 29.8 SE 1650-2600 g Female Adult 41 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food of double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus, in the gulf and estuary of the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada

Author(s)
Rail, Jean-Francois, and Gilles Chapdelaine
Pages
635-643
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition gunnels (5%), sculpins (1%), sand lance (44%), capelin (34%), flatfishes (11%), clupeids (4%), other (1%) proportion of prey species in diet by percent volume % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf 187 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues to breeding pelicans and cormorants

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph J. Hickey, Robert W. Risebrough, Donald F. Hughes, and Robert E. Christensen
Pages
91-112
Year
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 10.4 ppm DDE, 8 ppm est. PCBs, <0.1 ppm DDD, 0.2 ppm DDT residues measured in live and dead eggs Female Adult 11 colonies <0.1-0.08 ppm DDE, <0.01-0.5 ppm est. PCBs, <0.01-0.04 ppm DDD, <0.01-0.01 ppm DDT in dietary fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative correlation correlation of egg concentration of DDE and est. PCB's and shell thickness and weight Female Adult 35 eggs <0.1-0.08 ppm DDE, <0.01-0.5 ppm est. PCBs, <0.01-0.04 ppm DDD, <0.01-0.01 ppm DDT in dietary fish TOX-REPRO - physiology parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements eggshell thickness Female Adult 35 eggs <0.1-0.08 ppm DDE, <0.01-0.5 ppm est. PCBs, <0.01-0.04 ppm DDD, <0.01-0.01 ppm DDT in dietary fish TOX-REPRO - physiology parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues and shell thinning in Oregon seabird eggs

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
15-21
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect shell thickness Female Adult OR coast 10 eggs from 10 nests 1.6 ppm wet wt DDE, 1.3 ppm wet wt PCBs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR dietary Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryonic abnormalities and organochlorine contamination in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from the upper Great Lakes in 1988

Author(s)
Yamashita, Nobuyoshi, Shinsuke Tanabe, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita, Matthew E. Ludwig, and Ryo Tatsukawa
Pages
163-173
Year
Volume
79
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of deformities in live embryos relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents of PCBs, PCDFs, and PCDDs Not Reported Embryo Lakes Michigan, Huron, Superior, North Channel Not Reported 3.6-7.3 ug/g wet wt TOX-REPRO - development 10-12 days and 21-24 days (embryo ages) in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double-crested cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas, Ross J. Norstrom, John E. Elliott, Leslie E. Hart, Kimberly M. Cheng and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
247-265
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased at 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Mean yolk weight of eggs Female Both Adults and Juveniles Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg total hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg hepatic EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive regression linear regression of hepatic EROD activity or cyt P450 content on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative regression linear regression of wing length on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario 5-12 eggs/dose 131, 250, 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Toxic Equivalency Factors measured in eggs TOX-REPRO - development NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic Ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
131-145
Year
Volume
132
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg mortality Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect body and organ weights Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-REPRO - development incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg edema Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-REPRO - development incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal cytP450 content Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg hepatic microsomal EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose 0, 1, 3, 10, 100 ug/kg TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers incubation day 22 to hatch egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in wild cormorants, pelicans, their eggs, food and environment

Author(s)
Greichus, Yvonne A. Greichus and R.J. Emerick
Pages
321-328
Year
Issue
6
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 250 Ratio of carcass concentration (4.6 ppm wet wt) to dietary concentration of PCBs Not Reported Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 10 carcasses <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 5.7 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in eggs Female Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 eggs <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.24 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in carcass Not Reported Juvenile Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 14 Ratio of concentration in carcass (0.64 ppm wet wt mercury) to dietary concentration (fish) Not Reported Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 10 carcasses <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.29 ppm wet wt mercury mean concentration in eggs Female Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 eggs <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.28 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Not Reported Nestling Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7.98 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Both Male and Female Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in Atlantic Canadian seabirds

Author(s)
Elliott, J.E., A.M. Scheuhammer, F.A. Leighton and P.A. Pearce
Pages
63-73
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM (elemental), MERCURY (elemental) no correlation correlation of mean metallothionein concentration (13.2-24.4 ug/g tissue) and metal concentrations in kidneys Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Heron Is., Manawagonish Is., Ile aux pommes 24 birds 0.03-6.3 ug Cd/g kidney, 0.77-12.9 ug Hg/g kidney, dry wt TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes

Author(s)
Tillit, Donald E., Gerald T. Ankley, John P. Giesy, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita-Matsuba, D. Vaughn Weseloh, Peter S. Ross, Christine A. Bishop, Lou Sileo, Ken L. Stromborg, Jill Larson, Timothy J. Kubiak
Pages
1281-1288
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive correlation correlation of embryo mortality with TCDD equivalents in eggs Not Reported Embryo Great Lakes 11 colonies @ 25-50 nests/colony 35-344 pg TCDD eq/g wet wt TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult Anacapa Island 17 eggs 754 ppm DDE, 87 ppm PCBs, 2.1 ppm DDD, 7.0 ppm DDT in egg yolk lipids TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult Los Coronados Island 23 eggs 574 ppm DDE, 422 ppm PCBs, 13.8 ppm DDD, 5.5 ppm DDT in egg yolk lipids TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 400, 800 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group 0,5,10,25,50,100,200,400,800 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 5 ug/kg egg weights of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 8-29/group 0,5,10,25,50,100,200,400,800 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 4.0 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 58-60/group 0,0.06,0.25,1.0,4.0 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported 0,0.06,0.25,1.0,4.0 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
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