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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of crude oil on mallard embryos on day one of development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J.
Pages
632-637
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 1, 5, 10 ul 18-d % survival, mean embryonic weight, crown-rump length (5ul) and bill length Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose control, 1, 5, 10 ul South Louisiana crude oil applied externally to eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1, 5 ul % abnormal survivors, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose control, 1, 5, 10 ul South Louisiana crude oil applied externally to eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard egg quality: Enhancement by low levels of petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
17-23
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility, compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 0.5% (w/w) South Louisiana crude oil TOX-REPRO - physiology pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease egg hatchability (# eggs hatching/# fertile eggs), compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 0.5% (w/w) South Louisiana crude oil TOX-REPRO - reproductive success pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility and egg hatchability, compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 5 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three domestic avian species, and of PAHs and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the common eider

Author(s)
Brunstrom, Bjorn, Dag Broman and Carina Naf
Pages
133-143
Year
Volume
67
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg embryonic mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 22/dose control, 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg, mixture of 18 PAHs; injected into egg yolks TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
BENZO[k]FLUORANTHENE increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg embryo mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 20/dose control, 0.2, 2.0 mg benzo[k]fluoranthene/kg egg; injected into egg yolks TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of dietary acid or aluminum on growth and growth-related hormones in mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Capdevielle, M.C. and C.G. Scanes
Pages
462-468
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ALUMINUM SULFATE decrease @ 0.5% body weight, average daily weight gain and tibiotarsus length, compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALUMINUM SULFATE 3.59 ppm dry wt @ control, 5.16 ppm @ 0.1%, 15.52 ppm @ 0.05% liver aluminum concentrations (ppm, dry wt) in ducklings Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALUMINUM SULFATE no effect plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of sewage sludge on the immune defenses of mallards

Author(s)
Goldberg, D.R. and T.M. Yuill
Pages
209-217
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SEWAGE SLUDGE no effect immune defenses; resistance to Pasturella multocida estimated by % mortality 14 d after challenge, compared to controls Male Adult 10/dose control, 5%, 20% Milorganite or Metrogro TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d (Milorganite); 57 d (Metrogro) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SEWAGE SLUDGE increase @ 20% Milorganite or Metrogro liver cadmium concentrations; compared to controls Male Adult 10/dose control, 5%, 20% Milorganite or Metrogro TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 28 d (Milorganite); 57 d (Metrogro) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 5, 50 ppm % mortality (100% mortality within 5 d for 50 ppm dose), compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-MORT - dose-response data 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 50 ppm incidence of mild to marked degeneration of neurons of the pons, medulla oblongata, gray matter of the spinal cord and pyrimidal cells of the cerebral cortex; mild to moderate lympoid depletion of spleen and thymus; atrophy of myofibers in skeletal and ca Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 73-75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE 17% decrease @ 5 ppm body weight Not Reported 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 5 ppm cephalic tumor incidence Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE no effect % mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as triethyltin chloride TOX-MORT - dose-response data 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of white phosphorus to waterfowl: Acute exposure to mallards

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W., Mary Gustafson, Patrice Klein and Natalie Karouna-Renier
Pages
187-197
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 6.96 mg/kg bw (2.66-8.96 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Female Adult 6 birds/dose 0, 6.0, 7.9, 10.2, 13.5, 18.0 mg/kg bw (dissolved in corn oil) TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 6.46 mg/kg bw (5.19-7.69 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Male Adult 4-5 birds/dose 0, 2, 4, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 8.0, 9.1 mg/kg bw (dissolved in corn oil) TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 3.90 mg/kg bw (3.24-4.69 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Female Adult 4-5 birds/dose 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.4, 4.0, 6.5 mg/kg bw (pelletized) TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets

Pelecanus occidentalis

Citation:

Flow cytometric analysis of hematocytes from brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) exposed to planar halogenated hydrocarbons and heavy metals

Author(s)
Wickliffe, J.K., and J.W. Bickham
Pages
239-246
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS no effect half-peak coefficient of variation (HPCV) in DNA content vs. reference samples Not Reported Chick Ferry Slip Island and South Pelican Island (33deg59'N,77deg57'W) 15 geometric means: 0.03 ppm As, 0.38 ppm Se, 0.34 ppm Hg, 4.5 pg/g TCDD-EQs, wet wt in eggs TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - genetic effects NR habitat contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets

Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid epoxygenation in diverse avian orders: regioisomer selectivity and immunochemical comparison of the TCDD-induced P450s to CYP1A4 and 1A5

Author(s)
Gilday, D., G.D. Bellward, J.T. Sanderson, D.M. Janz, and A.B. Rifkind
Pages
106-116
Year
Volume
150
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism by liver microsomes Not Reported Embryo 3 100 ug/kg egg TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers 5-6 d egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 95% percent of eggs lost or broken before hatching in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 235 eggs mean ppm in 18 eggs, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 23.9% thinner eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 eggshells in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 18 eggs mean ppm in 18 eggs, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4% mean hatching success in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 331 eggs mean ppm in 18 eggs, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.06-0.11 (1972); 0.3 (1973) fledging success (young/nest) in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo Lake Huron 42 (1973)-66 (1972) nests mean ppm, wet wt: 14.5 (DDE), 0.22 (DDT), 0.17 (DDD), 23.8 (PCBs), 0.33 (dieldrin), 0.04 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.01 (hexachlorobenzene), 0.46 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of embryonic deformities, depressed growth Embryo, Juvenile Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - development NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS review enzyme induction Not Reported NR TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 1.3, 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - dose-response data 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 70, 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - dose-response data 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 4.0 ug/kg egg (0.8-7.2) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 1.3, 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) 177 ug/kg egg (77-264) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 70, 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect incidence of developmental abnormalities, edema, body weight effects, spleen or gonad histopathologic anomalies, or sex ratio in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 70, 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect incidence of developmental abnormalities, edema, body weight effects, spleen or gonad histopathologic anomalies, or sex ratio in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 1.3, 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ all doses hepatic EROD activity in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 1.3, 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ all doses hepatic EROD activity in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 70, 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) decreased @ 349 ug/kg egg spleen weights in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 70, 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) decreased @ 5.4, 11.7 ug/kg egg spleen weights in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba 83-86 eggs/treatment 0, 1.3, 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development 26-28 d egg yolk injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased @ 5 ug/kg weight of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group 0,5,10,25,50,100,200,400,800 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos, Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of reproductive effects Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
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