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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James and Steven P. Bradbury
Pages
885-897
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FENSULFOTHION 48.9% (7.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 0.75 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FONOFOS 67.1% (4.9 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 14 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 67% (11.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 650 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 74.6% (12.4 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 1.75 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 4/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 1.75 mg/kg bw TOX-MORT - dose-response data single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 7/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 650 mg/kg bw TOX-MORT - dose-response data single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACEPHATE 11/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 350 mg/kg bw TOX-MORT - dose-response data single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: Effect of leptophos

Author(s)
Herin, R.A., A.A. Komeil, Doyle G. Graham, A. Curley and M.B. Abou-Donia
Pages
233-240
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 260 ppm body weight growth compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group 0, 260 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 3 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS 5/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of ataxia Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group 0, 260 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 3 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS 4/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of CNS lesions Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group 0, 260 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 3 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Peter H. Albers
Pages
15-27
Year
Volume
13
Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
see citation tables LD50s for 42 compounds in aqueous and oil vehicles Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group see citation for doses of 42 compounds TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single eggshell surface application Toxicity Factor Datasets
see citation tables incidence of reduced growth and abnormal survivors for 42 compounds Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group see citation for doses of 42 compounds TOX-REPRO - development single eggshell surface application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Subchronic organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Louis Sileo and Helen C. Murray
Pages
128-136
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
EPN decreased @ 90, 270 ppm food consumption and body weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN increased @ all doses incidence of hyperactivity, ataxia, and/or paralysis compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN increased @ 30, 90, 270 ppm incidence of CNS lesions (demyelination, axonal degeneration in spinal cord) compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ all doses activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ 90, 270 pmm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 270, 540 ppm body weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS increased @ all doses incidence of CNS lesions (demyelination, axonal degeneration in spinal cord) compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 270 ppm brain weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ all doses activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 60, 270 ppm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some evidence for an effect of ingested petroleum on the fertility of the mallard drake (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Holmes, W.N. and K.P. Cavanaugh
Pages
898-901
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control Female Adult 3 pairs/dose 0 or 3 ml S. Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry wt. food TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 100 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of plumage contamination with crude oil dispersant mixtures on thermoregulation in common eiders and mallards

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro and Morten Ekker
Pages
398-403
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS increase metabolic heat production (watts/kg), compared to pre-contamination levels Not Reported Adult 3/dose 0.1 or 0.4 ml Statfjord crude oil with Finasol OSR-5 or OSR-12 dispersant/L water TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 1 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of ingested crude oil on thryoid hormones and on the mixed function oxidase system in ducks

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Morten Ekker and Kolbjorn Zahlsen
Pages
213-216
Year
Volume
95
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS 53% increase plasma triiodothryonine concentration Not Reported Adult 5/dose control or 5 ml Statfjord crude oil/kg/d TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS 56% increase hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Adult 5/dose control or 5 ml Statfjord crude oil/kg/d TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight Not Reported Adult 5/dose control or 5 ml Statfjord crude oil/kg/d TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of an environmental contaminant, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, on the blood pressure of the mallard

Author(s)
Jones, Ross E., Kathy S. Howell and Robert K. Ringer
Pages
314-320
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE decrease mean blood pressure, compared to baseline prior to exposure Both Male and Female Adult 12 1500 mg/kg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effects of DDT, DDE and their sulfonated derivatives on eggshell formation in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J.
Pages
697-701
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see citation figure of eggshell thickness over 30 d period (significant differences noted at various times) Female Adult 20/dose 0, 10, 50 ppm DDT, DDE, DDT-SO4 or DDE-SO4 TOX-REPRO - physiology 30 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Histopathologic alterations in shell gland accompanying DDT-induced thinning of eggshell

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
225-231
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (4,4'-) 13.8% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 3/dose 0, 75 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 7 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDT-induced reduction in eggshell thickness, weight and calcium is accompanied by calcium ATPase inhibition

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
309-318
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight and thickness, total eggshell calcium and shell gland epithelial microsomal Ca-ATPase activity, compared to controls Female Adult 5 hens/dose; 19 eggs/dose 0, 50 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 6 mo diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Tissue residues of lindane in domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) following its repeated oral administration

Author(s)
Mandal, Aditya, Jagadbandhu Chakrabarti and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
56-57
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LINDANE serum (0.13); fat (0.20); muscle (0.70); kidney (0.02); liver (0.02); brain (0.01) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 2x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x per wk TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE serum (0.20); fat (0.68); muscle (0.30); kidney (0.23); liver (0.14); brain (0.11) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 3x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x per wk TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE serum (0.50); fat (1.14); muscle (0.82); kidney (0.28); liver (0.21); brain (0.13) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 7x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x per wk TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) no effect food consumption rate (174 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254 no effect food consumption rate (184 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) no effect food consumption rate (181 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose 0, 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254 no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8-9 eggs/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 17% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens /dose; 8 eggs/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 19% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8 eggs/dose 0, 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB TOX-REPRO - physiology 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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