DDE (4,4'-)
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) | 19% decrease | eggshell thickness, compared to control | Female | Adult | 10 hens/dose; 8 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) | see citation | figure of # eggs/female/wk over time | Female | Adult | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 1.23 +/- 0.12 ug/g wet weight | mean +/- SE p,p'-DDE concentration in shell gland mucosa | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 28% decrease @ 40 mg/kg | eggshell index (shell weight/shell length x breadth), compared to control | Female | Adult | 9-20/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | egg production during study period | Female | Adult | 5-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | review | eggshell thickness compared to that of pre-1945 eggs | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | GLOBAL |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 0.9-7.2 (DDT); 10.4-41.8 (DDE); 0.9-3.4 (DDD); 0.3-2.0 (dieldrin); 0.2-1.2 (heptachlor epoxide) | range of concentrations in eggs (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 7 eggs | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 37.3 (DDT), 284 (DDE), 39.5 (DDD), 3.3 (dieldrin), 4.4 (heptachlor epoxide) | mean residue concentrations in fat (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 9 birds | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | nesting | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 2 eggs, 1 nest | Toxicity Factor Datasets | ECUADOR |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.4-8.3% | percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-7 eggs/year | Amchitka | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | variance in kestrel response time to prey stimulus | Not Reported | Adult | 6 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements | eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | 35 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 6.6 ppm DDE, 1.3 ppm DDD, wet wt | mean concentration in whole eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 40 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | increase | otters that died from infectious diseases contained higher liver DDTs concentrations that those that died of trauma | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4-8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
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