TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal

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Birds, Terrestrial birds, Passeriformes, American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

Monitoring exposure of passerines to acephate, dicrotophos, and malathion using cholinesterase reactivation.

Author(s)
Maul, J.D. and Farris, J.L.
Issue
4
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
ACEPHATE With/without plasma cholinesterase reactivation: 69 g Body mass B Not Reported Reactivation: 1; no reactivation: 7 Poinsett County and Wapanocca Nation Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ACEPHATE Plasma cholinesterase reactivation: 2.0; no reactivation: 2.1 % Body fat score B Not Reported Reactivation: 1; no reactivation: 7 Poinsett County and Wapanocca Nation Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Amphibians, Frogs and toads (Anura), Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana boylii)

Citation:

Toxicity of two insecticides to California, USA, anurans and its relevance to declining amphibian populations.

Author(s)
Sparling, D.W. and Fellers, G.M.
Issue
8
Volume
28
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
ENDOSULFAN Decreased Snout-vent length B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
CHLORPYRIFOS No effect 0-14 d; various by 54 d; see size by exposure in Table 2 Body mass B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
ENDOSULFAN Decreased Body mass B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
CHLORPYRIFOS No effect 0-14 d; decrease by 34 d; see size by exposure in Table 2 Snout-vent length B Tadpole 18/treatment Eggs from Soda Creek Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
Citation:

Effects of chytrid and carbaryl exposure on survival, growth and skin peptide defenses in foothill yellow-legged frogs.

Author(s)
Davidson, C., Benard, M.F., Shaffer, H.B., Parker, J.M., O'Leary, C., Conlon, J.M. and Rollins-Smith, L.A.
Issue
5
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries
CARBARYL See citation Figure 1 Growth NR Not Reported Collected from Garcia River Toxicity Factor Datasets Mendocino USA

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Lab
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 423, reference: 422 g Body weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 296, 2003: 326, 2004: 330 Body weight NR Nestling 2002: 11, 2003: 31, 2004: 50 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 304, 2003: 359, 2004: 325 Body weight NR Nestling 2002: 21, 2003: 32, 2004: 25 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
SULFUR DIOXIDE No effect Body weight F Adult 17 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA
NITROGEN DIOXIDE No effect Body weight F Adult 17 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA
PCB No effect Coloration of ceres & lores 7 d post pairing B Adult 99 Avian Science and
Conservation Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
METHYLMERCURY No effect Body mass M Adult 59 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, Laurel 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
PCB Increased Coloration of ceres & lores at pairing M Adult 49 Avian Science and
Conservation Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
PCB No effect Coloration of ceres & lores at pairing F Adult 50 Avian Science and
Conservation Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROTOLUENE Decreased Cricket consumption M Adult 42 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
MALATHION No effect Body condition index M Juvenile 13 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE See citation Figure 1 Cricket consumption M Adult 60 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab
HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE Decreased to near zero comp to control Cricket consumption M Adult 42 U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventive Medicine 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE No effect Body weight change M Adult 42 U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventive Medicine 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE Decreased Cricket consumption M Adult 60 U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventive Medicine 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE Decreased Body weight change M Adult 60 U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventive Medicine 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.025 ± 0.003 SE Embryo mass NR Embryo 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.269 ± 0.006 SE Mass NR Neonate 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.082 ± 0.007 SE Mass NR Neonate 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.089 ± 0.013 SE Mass NR Neonate 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
ATRAZINE See citaiton Figure 1C Body size at metamorphosis B Embryo 80 Eggs from Lincoln County, MT Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
NITRATE, SODIUM No effect Embryo mass NR Embryo 10 Willamette Valley, OR Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
NITRATE, SODIUM No effect Embryo mass NR Embryo 10 Cascade Mountain, OR Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
LIDOCAINE no effect Heart rate NR Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
LIDOCAINE no effect Reflexes NR Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
LIDOCAINE 87 ± 17 breaths/min Reduced gular respiratory rate NR Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
LIDOCAINE See citation Figure 3 Heart rate NR Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
LIDOCAINE See citation Figure 3 Mean arterial pressure NR Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
LIDOCAINE See citation Figure 3 Mean arterial pressure NR Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
ATRAZINE See citation Figure 1B Mass at metamorphosis (mg) B Embryo 80 Eggs from Lincoln County, MT Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.032 ± 0.005 SE Embryo mass NR Embryo 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
COPPER (elemental) No effect Body mass Adult 26 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
AROCLOR 1268 See citation Table 2 Bone properties Hatchling 16 LCP Superfund site, Brunswick Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
CYPERMETHRIN 0.028 ± 0.005 SE Embryo mass NR Embryo 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
COPPER (elemental) No effect Hemoglobin Adult 26 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
MERCURY (elemental) No effect Growth rate NR Nestling 0.16 µg/g fw group: 5, 0.39 µg/g fw group: 7 Wild collected eggs from Pinkey Castle Island, Charleston Harbor Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.460 ± 0.009 SE Mass NR Neonate 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
COPPER (elemental) No effect Methemoglobin Adult 26 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
LEAD (elemental) Decreased Body weight NR Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.457 ± 0.040 SE Mass NR Neonate 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
COPPER (elemental) No effect Kidney concentration Adult 26 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) See citation Figure 3 Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity NR Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CYPERMETHRIN 0.402 ± 0.051 SE Mass NR Neonate 10 Oregon State University, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
COPPER (elemental) No effect Plasma biochemistry Adult 26 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) See citation Figure 3 Erythrocyte protoporphryin activity NR Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MALATHION No effect Mass, g M Juvenile 13 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
COPPER (elemental) No effect Hematocrit Adult 26 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) See citation Figure 3 Hematocrit NR Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROTOLUENE Decreased Cricket consumption M Adult 42 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE No effect Food intake B Adult 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROTOLUENE Decreased >5 mg/kg/d Body weight change M Adult 42 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE 15-30 m Sedation set-in, mild-moderate B Adult 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE See citation Body weight change B Adult 42 US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) No effect Body mass B Adult 30 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE Decreased Cricket consumption B Adult 42 US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) Increased Solicitation of food from males F Adult 30 McGill University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE See citation Body weight change M Both Adults and Juveniles 42 US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
AROCLOR 1242 No effect Time of molting B Adult 36 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE Decreased Cricket consumption M Juvenile 42 US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
AROCLOR 1242 No effect Plumage color B Adult 36 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
LIDOCAINE See citation Figure 2 Heart rate NR Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
METHYLMERCURY No effect Body mass B Nestling 154 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, Laurel 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
DIPHACINONE No effect Body weight change B Adult 23 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab Laboratory
LIDOCAINE See citation Figure 1 Reflexes NR Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
METHYLMERCURY No effect Spleen weight B Nestling 154 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, Laurel 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
PBDE TECHNICAL MIXTURE, DE-71 No effect Body weight F Adult 62 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
LIDOCAINE 59 ± 15 breaths/min Reduced gular respiratory rate NR Adult 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL
BENZENE No effect Body weight F Adult 17 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
HDBP (halogenated dimethyl bipyrroles) See citation Body mass B Adult 64 Avian Science and Conservation
Centre of McGill University 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA Laboratory
LIDOCAINE See citation Figure 3 Heart rate NR Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab BRAZIL Laboratory
TOLUENE No effect Body weight F Adult 17 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab CANADA
MERCURY (elemental) See citation Table 2 Bone properties Hatchling 15 Blythe Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 423, reference: 422 g Body weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 296, 2003: 326, 2004: 330 Body weight Not Reported Nestling 2002: 11, 2003: 31, 2004: 50 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 304, 2003: 359, 2004: 325 Body weight Not Reported Nestling 2002: 21, 2003: 32, 2004: 25 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the metabolic rates of mourning doves exposed to low ambient temperatures

Author(s)
Tori, Gildo M. and Larry P. Mayer
Pages
678-682
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 no effect metabolic rate at a range of ambient temperatures Male Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 no effect body weight Male Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 decreased at 40 ppm body temperature at a range of ambient temperatures Male Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Pages
687-699
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN 0.3 ug/g 24-d NOAEL based on growth impairment Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of an environmental contaminant, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, on the blood pressure of the mallard

Author(s)
Jones, Ross E., Kathy S. Howell and Robert K. Ringer
Pages
314-320
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE decrease mean blood pressure, compared to baseline prior to exposure Both Male and Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acid precipitation and food quality: inhibition of growth and survival in black ducks and mallards by dietary aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W.
Pages
281-288
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased @ 1000 ppm Al (LH, LL), 5000 ppm Al (NN) body weight growth versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased @ 1000 (LL), 1000 (LH), 5000 ppm (LH) growth of body components (tarsus, culmen) versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic effects of natural saline waters on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Mitcham, S.A. and G. Wobeser
Pages
45-50
Year
Issue
1
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SALINE WATER decreased @ 20,000 and 21,500 umhos/cm body weight by day 14 versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
765-777
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 3% body weight Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 wks Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1 and 3% daily food intake rate Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic dietary toxicity of strychnine: bobwhite quail are less sensitive than mallard ducks.

Author(s)
Sterner, R.T., C.A. Pederson, B.R. Helsten, and M.J. Goodall
Pages
498-505
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) increased @ 235.0, 484.2, 972.0 ug/g (nominal concentrations) incidence of clinical signs versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) decreased @ 235.0, 484.2, 972.0 ug/g (nominal concentrations) body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect body weight versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 5 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 ug/g, corn diet body weight compared to corn diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-DL-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., David J. Hoffman and Leonard J. LeCaptain
Pages
93-99
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast body weight compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day Laboratory

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Potential heavy metal influence on the death of several species of pinnipeds

Author(s)
Van Heekeren, A. and Edwin J. Skoch
Pages
51-61
Year
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of epileptiform seizures and subsequent death associated with "unusual" Se levels Female Adult 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 yr Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels: acute physiological responses and effects of cold

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A. and J. Christian Franson
Pages
787-792
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION decrease at 2, 3 mg/kg bw cloacal temperature Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
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