Rabbits and hares (Lagomorpha)

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Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Factors associated with survival of reintroduced riparian brush rabbits in California.

Author(s)
Hamilton, L.P., Kelly, P.A., Williams, D.F., Kelt, D.A. and Wittmer, H.U.
Issue
4
Volume
143
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 87 % mortality NR Not Reported 325 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Reintroduced, captive-bred USA NR
Citation:

Home range size and habitat selection of reintroduced Sylvilagus bachmani riparius.

Author(s)
Kelt, D.A., Kelly, P.A., Phillips, S.E. and Williams, D.F.
Issue
3
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Home Range See citation Table 3 Overlap index B Not Reported 325 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Reintroduced, captive-bred USA
Citation:

Recovering the endangered riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius): reproduction and growth in confinement and survival after translocation.

Author(s)
Williams, D.F., Kelly, P.A., Hamilton, L.P., Lloyd, M.R., Williams, E.A. and Youngblom, J.J.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 272.2 g B Juvenile 340 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born in propagation facillity USA 141.72
Survival/ Mortality 0.79 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 62 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.86 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 278 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.23 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 49 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity then released USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.22 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 196 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity then released USA
Citation:

Observations of the growth of young brush rabbits

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
298-302
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 75.8 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 3 Golden Gate Park, San Francisco Exposure Factor Datasets 14 d
Body Weight - Mean 25.5 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Golden Gate Park, San Francisco Exposure Factor Datasets 3 d
Citation:

Movement patterns of brush rabbits in northwestern California

Author(s)
Shields, Paul W.
Pages
381-386
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 278 mean range diameter ft Male Adult 32 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Home Range 149 mean range diameter ft Female Adult 31 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Home Range 131 mean range diameter ft Male Juvenile 17 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Home Range 191 mean range diameter ft Female Juvenile 22 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Citation:

Home range and mobility of brush rabbits in California chaparral

Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 115 average radii drawn from computed center of activity to capture points ft Male Adult 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 10
Home Range 69 average radii drawn from computed center of activity to capture points ft Female Adult 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 8
Population Density 0.9 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 2.3 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 26 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - May time of breeding Male Adult Not Reported Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 3.5 longest recorded life span yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 583 g Male Adult 76 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 8
Body Weight - Mean 637 g Female Adult 101 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 7
Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity maturity based on presence of adult pelage mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.5 young/litter Female Adult 11 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sylvilagus bachmani

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A.
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - May time of mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa 3
Body Weight - Mean weight just prior to birth g Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa
Clutch or Litter Size 4 young/litter Female Adult 14 Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by dividing breeding season length by gestation time litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Sylvilagus audubonii

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Gale R. Willner
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Abundance and dispersion of leporids within a shortgrass ecosystem

Author(s)
Flinders, Jerran T. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
287-291
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 6.6 #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported 31 Pawnee National Grasslands Exposure Factor Datasets 5.4 - 7.8 (95% CL)
Citation:

Spring and summer foods of Audubon's cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii) in north-central Colorado

Author(s)
deCalesta, David S.
Pages
549-553
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses, 20 species (0 - 22.2%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 17.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (0.4 - 1.5%); Cactus, 1 species (0 - 0.1%) range of % composition of species over 2 yrs; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 18 - 30 Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Grasses, 20 species (0 - 21.6%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 12.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (1.1%); Cactus, 1 species (1.9%) range of % composition of species; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 29 Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Dec. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 young/litter Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year >2 litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer foods of the Audubon's cottontail (Sylvilagus auduboni: Leporidae)

Author(s)
Scribner, Kim T. and Leslie J. Krysl
Pages
460-463
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses (51.2%); Forbs (45.4%) cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) % Not Reported Not Reported 172 Castro County, range playa basins Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Grasses (32.1%); Forbs (66%) cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) % Not Reported Not Reported 172 Castro County, agricultural playa basins Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dietary adaptability of the desert cottontail

Author(s)
Turkowski, Frank J.
Pages
748-756
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses (37.9%); Forbs (41.3%); Shrubs (20.8%) % total dietary bulk (volume), estimated from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 97 Sugarloaf Mountain, Maricopa County (elev., 850m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Sugarloaf Mountain, Maricopa County (elev., 850m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater

Author(s)
Clark Jr., Donald R.
Pages
147-168
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size young/litter Female Adult 2 Volta and Kesterson Exposure Factor Datasets Merced

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:

Reproduction in the Audubon cottontail in Arizona

Author(s)
Sowls, Lyle K.
Pages
234-243
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Body Weight - Mean 860 g Female Adult 40 southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets non-pregnant
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.9 estimated by embryo counts young/litter Female Adult 56 southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity < 9 earliest age when pregnancy noted mo Female Adult Not Reported southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 725 g Male Adult 87 southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The breeding biology of the desert cottontail in the Phoenix region, Arizona

Author(s)
Stout, Gene G.
Pages
47-51
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.7 estimated by uterine scar counts young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Phoenix Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult 101 Phoenix Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 minimum age for breeding mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Phoenix Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Onset of the breeding season and size of first litters in two species of cottontails from southwestern Texas

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Raymond P. Morgan II
Pages
277-280
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.60 young/litter Female Adult 10 Big Lake Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

Orientation and homing of the brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A.
Pages
686-699
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 99.0 mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method ft Female Juvenile 14 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 37.4 SD
Home Range 122.4 mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method ft Male Adult 12 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 45.9 SD
Home Range 151.0 mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method ft Male Juvenile 9 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 77.3 SD
Home Range 108.5 mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method ft Female Adult 24 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 55.3 SD
Citation:

Organ weights and sexual dimorphism of the brush rabbit

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A.
Pages
453-455
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 661.86 g Male Adult 23 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 62.68 SD
Body Weight - Mean 661.47 g Female Adult 38 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 66.73 SD
Body Weight - Mean 649.50 g Male Adult 22 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 62.89 SD
Body Weight - Mean 732.25 g Female Adult 45 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 80.85 SD
Citation:

The breeding biology of the brush rabbit population.

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Amy L. Harman
Pages
816-823
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult 87 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean litter sizes over 2 yrs, based on embryo and placental scar counts young/litter Female Adult 9-15/yr E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 1+ maturity based on amount of sperm in epididymides yr Male Adult Not Reported E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by dividing length of breeding season by gestation period or time required to produce a litter litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Attempts to breed cottontail rabbits in captivity

Author(s)
Dice, L. R.
Pages
225-229
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. vallicola)

Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance range of average foraging diameters for rabbits with 5 recapture rates, overall range 30 - 1450 ft. ft Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 - 39 San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range acres Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 range of yearly estimates for 3 yrs #/ 1.2 - 2.6 acres Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)

Citation:

Natural history observations on the Audubon cottontail

Author(s)
Ingles, Lloyd G.
Pages
227-250
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range up to 15 acres Male Adult 11 Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range < 1 acre Female Adult 10 Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 951 g Female Adult 9 measurements from 6 animals Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 839 g Male Adult 16 observations from 7 animals Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Juvenile 9 observations from 8 animals Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity reported as age at sexual maturity as lactation first observed mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 19 longest life span recorded mo Both Male and Female Adult 29 Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Dec. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review reported home range for males was 957m2 for males and 244 m2 for females (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review reported overall population density at carrying capacity is 3 animals/ha (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying review reported breeding season occurs from January to May (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size review reported average of 9-16 young/female/yr (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year review reported 3-4 litters per season (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review reported gestation period was 27 d (data source unspecified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Home range - body mass allometry in rabbits and hares (Leporidae)

Author(s)
Swihart, Robert K.
Pages
139-148
Year
Volume
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review see citation for home range allometry for 14 species of lagomorphs Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range review see citation for home range allometry for 14 species of lagomorphs Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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