Rabbits and hares (Lagomorpha)
Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 87 | % mortality | NR | Not Reported | 325 | San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge |
Exposure Factor Datasets | San Joaquin | Reintroduced, captive-bred | USA | NR |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | See citation Table 3 | Overlap index | B | Not Reported | 325 | San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge |
Exposure Factor Datasets | San Joaquin | Reintroduced, captive-bred | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 272.2 | g | B | Juvenile | 340 | San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge |
Exposure Factor Datasets | San Joaquin | Born in propagation facillity | USA | 141.72 | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.79 | In captivity | Survival rate | B | Not Reported | 62 | San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge |
Exposure Factor Datasets | San Joaquin | Born/raised in propagation facillity | USA | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.86 | In captivity | Survival rate | B | Not Reported | 278 | San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge |
Exposure Factor Datasets | San Joaquin | Born/raised in propagation facillity | USA | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.23 | In captivity | Survival rate | B | Not Reported | 49 | San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge |
Exposure Factor Datasets | San Joaquin | Born/raised in propagation facillity then released | USA | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.22 | In captivity | Survival rate | B | Not Reported | 196 | San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge |
Exposure Factor Datasets | San Joaquin | Born/raised in propagation facillity then released | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 75.8 | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 3 | Golden Gate Park, San Francisco | Exposure Factor Datasets | 14 d |
| Body Weight - Mean | 25.5 | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Golden Gate Park, San Francisco | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 d |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 278 | mean range diameter | ft | Male | Adult | 32 | Humboldt Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
| Home Range | 149 | mean range diameter | ft | Female | Adult | 31 | Humboldt Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
| Home Range | 131 | mean range diameter | ft | Male | Juvenile | 17 | Humboldt Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
| Home Range | 191 | mean range diameter | ft | Female | Juvenile | 22 | Humboldt Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 115 | average radii drawn from computed center of activity to capture points | ft | Male | Adult | 10 | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | 10 |
| Home Range | 69 | average radii drawn from computed center of activity to capture points | ft | Female | Adult | 10 | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | 8 |
| Population Density | 0.9 | #/acre | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 10 | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Population Density | 2.3 | #/acre | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 26 | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - May | time of breeding | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Longevity | 3.5 | longest recorded life span | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 583 | g | Male | Adult | 76 | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | 8 | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 637 | g | Female | Adult | 101 | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | 7 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | maturity based on presence of adult pelage | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.5 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 11 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - May | time of mating | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa | |||
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 27 | d | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa | 3 | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | weight just prior to birth | g | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa | |||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 14 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa | |||
| Clutches or Litters per year | estimated by dividing breeding season length by gestation time | litters/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Home Range | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 6.6 | #/mi2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | 31 | Pawnee National Grasslands | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5.4 - 7.8 (95% CL) |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Grasses, 20 species (0 - 22.2%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 17.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (0.4 - 1.5%); Cactus, 1 species (0 - 0.1%) | range of % composition of species over 2 yrs; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 18 - 30 | Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Grasses, 20 species (0 - 21.6%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 12.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (1.1%); Cactus, 1 species (1.9%) | range of % composition of species; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 29 | Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Dec. - June | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.6 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 19 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutches or Litters per year | >2 | litters/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Grasses (51.2%); Forbs (45.4%) | cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 172 | Castro County, range playa basins | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Grasses (32.1%); Forbs (66%) | cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 172 | Castro County, agricultural playa basins | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Grasses (37.9%); Forbs (41.3%); Shrubs (20.8%) | % total dietary bulk (volume), estimated from stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 97 | Sugarloaf Mountain, Maricopa County (elev., 850m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.7 | young/litter | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sugarloaf Mountain, Maricopa County (elev., 850m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | young/litter | Female | Adult | 2 | Volta and Kesterson | Exposure Factor Datasets | Merced |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 860 | g | Female | Adult | 40 | southern portion of state | Exposure Factor Datasets | non-pregnant | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Aug. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | southern portion of state | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.9 | estimated by embryo counts | young/litter | Female | Adult | 56 | southern portion of state | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | < 9 | earliest age when pregnancy noted | mo | Female | Adult | Not Reported | southern portion of state | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 725 | g | Male | Adult | 87 | southern portion of state | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.7 | estimated by uterine scar counts | young/litter | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Phoenix | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Aug. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | 101 | Phoenix | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 3 | minimum age for breeding | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Phoenix | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.60 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 10 | Big Lake | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 99.0 | mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method | ft | Female | Juvenile | 14 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 37.4 SD |
| Home Range | 122.4 | mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method | ft | Male | Adult | 12 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 45.9 SD |
| Home Range | 151.0 | mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method | ft | Male | Juvenile | 9 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 77.3 SD |
| Home Range | 108.5 | mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method | ft | Female | Adult | 24 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 55.3 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 661.86 | g | Male | Adult | 23 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 62.68 SD |
| Body Weight - Mean | 661.47 | g | Female | Adult | 38 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 66.73 SD |
| Body Weight - Mean | 649.50 | g | Male | Adult | 22 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 62.89 SD |
| Body Weight - Mean | 732.25 | g | Female | Adult | 45 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 80.85 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Aug. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | 87 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of mean litter sizes over 2 yrs, based on embryo and placental scar counts | young/litter | Female | Adult | 9-15/yr | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 1+ | maturity based on amount of sperm in epididymides | yr | Male | Adult | Not Reported | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutches or Litters per year | estimated by dividing length of breeding season by gestation period or time required to produce a litter | litters/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | d | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 litters | captured in Rago, Kansas | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | d | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 litters | captured in Rago, Kansas | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. vallicola)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | range of average foraging diameters for rabbits with 5 recapture rates, overall range 30 - 1450 ft. | ft | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 - 39 | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Home Range | acres | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Population Density | 1 | range of yearly estimates for 3 yrs | #/ 1.2 - 2.6 acres | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Body Weight - Mean | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | up to 15 | acres | Male | Adult | 11 | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Home Range | < 1 | acre | Female | Adult | 10 | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 951 | g | Female | Adult | 9 measurements from 6 animals | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 839 | g | Male | Adult | 16 observations from 7 animals | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 9 observations from 8 animals | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Age at Sexual Maturity | reported as age at sexual maturity as lactation first observed | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Longevity | 19 | longest life span recorded | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | 29 | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | young/litter | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Dec. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | review | reported home range for males was 957m2 for males and 244 m2 for females (from unpublished reports) | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Caswell Memorial State Park | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | review | reported overall population density at carrying capacity is 3 animals/ha (from unpublished reports) | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Caswell Memorial State Park | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | reported breeding season occurs from January to May (from unpublished reports) | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Caswell Memorial State Park | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | review | reported average of 9-16 young/female/yr (data source not specified) | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutches or Litters per year | review | reported 3-4 litters per season (data source not specified) | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | reported gestation period was 27 d (data source unspecified) | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | review | see citation for home range allometry for 14 species of lagomorphs | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Home Range | review | see citation for home range allometry for 14 species of lagomorphs | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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