Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longevity | 17-08 | from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data | yr-mo | Not Reported | Adult | 4174 band recoveries | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 2498.1 | body weight | g | Male | Adult | 160 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 16.0 SE | |
Body Weight - Mean | 2162.2 | body weight | g | Female | Adult | 41 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 29.8 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | oxygen consumption during brooding period (to about 2 wks of age) | cm^3/g BW/hr | Both Male and Female | Nestling | Not Reported | Duck Island, Isle of Shoals (43 deg. 00'N, 70 deg 35'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Nesting | April-June | period during which nest initiations were observed | Both Male and Female | Adult | 296-424 nests/year | San Francisco Bay estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 0.98 +/- 0.07 to 1.78 +/- 0.06 | mean number of chicks fledged/nest (over 3 years) | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 296-424 nests/year | San Francisco Bay estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.1+/- 0.1 to 3.2+/- 0.1 | mean number of eggs/nest (over 3 years) | Female | Adult | 263-312 nests/year | San Francisco Bay estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success | 76% | proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 1056 nests | San Francisco Bay estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | shad (26.1%), large roughfish (2.5%), small forage species (1.2%), catfish (9.6%), bass (16.5%), sunfish (15.0%), crappies (5.6%), other fishes (23.3%) | percent occurence of prey items by weight in stomach contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 420 cormorants | east TX | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 2.3 | kg | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 420 cormorants | east TX | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.02 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | gunnels (5%), sculpins (1%), sand lance (44%), capelin (34%), flatfishes (11%), clupeids (4%), other (1%) | proportion of prey species in diet by percent volume | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 187 | St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Nesting | year-round | time during which active nests were observed | Both Male and Female | Adult | 30 colonies | south FL | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 1.33 | kg | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 cormorants | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||
Metabolic Rate | 85 | measured during the day over temperature range -10 to 45 C | cm^3 O2/g BW/hr | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 cormorants | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 74 | measured at night over temperature range -10 to 45 C | cm^3 O2/g BW/hr | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 cormorants | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | minimal metabolic rate measured over a range of incident radiation (0-700 watts/m^2) | cm^3 O2/g BW/hr | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 cormorants | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | range in mean clutches in ground nests (across 4 years) | Female | Adult | 34-127 nests/colony | Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | spring | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.14 | mean number of young produced/active nest (across 10 yrs) | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Not Reported | Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | spring |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | herring (25%), sculpin (92%), flounder (8%), anemones (8%), snails (17%), mussels (33%), amphipods (25%), isopods (17%), benthic shrimp (25%), crabs (25%), bryozoans (58%), algae (50%) | frequency of occurrence of food items in stomach contents | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 12 stomachs | Quoddy Region, New Brunswick | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 0.208 | K; index of rate at which asymptotic weight is being gained | Not Reported | Nestling | 1-52/sample day | Duck Island, Isle of Shoals | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Body Weight - Mean | 1900 | asymptotic weight of nestlings | g | Not Reported | Nestling | Not Reported | Duck Island, Isle of Shoals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 0.120 | rate of growth from hatch to fledge | Not Reported | Juvenile | 33 chicks | Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.017 SD | |
Body Weight - Mean | 34.7 | g | Not Reported | Hatchling | 33 chicks | Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 2.96 SD | |
Body Weight - Mean | 1900.5 | mean asymptotic weight of fledglings | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | 33 chicks | Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 189.8 SD |
Food Ingestion Rate | 4.30 | mean frequency of daily feeding of first hatched chick of a brood | feedings/d | Not Reported | Juvenile | 64 observations | Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 1.90 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | sculpin, rock gunnel, blueback herring, alewife, wrymouth, sand shrimp, cunner, American eel, rock crab, N. Caridean shrimp, sand shrimp, white perch, yellow perch, rainbow smelt, N. lobster, Atlantic tomcod | primary dietary items from nestling regurgitant samples | Not Reported | Nestling | 673 samples | Penobscot Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | average incubation | d | Not Reported | Hatchling | 16 eggs | Utah Lake, Utah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | 11 nests | Utah Lake, Utah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |