Amphibians

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Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas)

Citation:

Effects of age, weight, hormones, and hibernation on breeding success in boreal toads (Bufo boreas boreas).

Author(s)
Roth, T.L., Szymanski, D.C. and Keyster, E.D.
Issue
4
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Body Weight - Mean 41.4 (1.9) - 59.3 (2.4) Nonhibernated females, age range 2-5 y g (± SEM) F Adult 32 Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered
Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden 		Exposure Factor Datasets Lab Nonhibernated USA

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Amphibian populations in the terrestrial environment: Is there evidence of declines of terrestrial forest amphibians in northwestern California?

Author(s)
Welsh Jr, H.H., Fellers, G.M. and Lind, A.J.
Issue
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Table 1 21-150 ha Individuals captured NR Not Reported 2420 Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Amphibians in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir forests.

Author(s)
Aubry, K.B.
Issue
4
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Population Density 33 >30 ha area Individuals captured NR Not Reported Pierce County, Washington Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density 12 >30 ha area Individuals captured NR Not Reported Pierce County, Washington Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density 34 >30 ha area Individuals captured NR Not Reported Pierce County, Washington Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Population Density 137 >30 ha area Individuals captured NR Not Reported Pierce County, Washington Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Early development of Ensatina eschscholtzii: an amphibian with a large, yolky egg.

Author(s)
Collazo, A. and Keller, R.
Issue
6
Volume
1
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying See citation F Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Lab Gravid USA
Citation:

Plethodontid Salamander Distributions in Managed Forest Headwaters in Western Oregon, USA.

Author(s)
Olson, D. H., & Kluber, M. R.
Issue
1
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation 46 ha Individuals captured NR Not Reported Green Peak forest, Benton County, N 44.3667, W
123.4583 		Exposure Factor Datasets USA

California Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)

Citation:

Unusual subterranean aggregations of the California Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus.

Author(s)
Fellers, G.M., Wood, L.L., Carlisle, S. and Pratt, D.
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries
Population Density 28 Removed drainage culvert; 2.1 m wide x 1.4 m high x 12.2 m long Individuals captured B Adult Estero Road, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin USA
Population Density 45 Removed drainage culvert; 1.2 m diameter x 12.2 m long Individuals captured B Adult Glenbrook Creek, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin USA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)

Citation:

Diet of the invasive frog Lithobates catesbeianus (shaw, 1802)(anura: raniDae) in viçosa, Minas gerais state, Brazil.

Author(s)
Da Silva, E.T., Dos Reis, E.P., Feio, R.N. and Ribeiro Filho, O.P.
Issue
3
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Countries
Dietary Composition Frequencies of occurrence: Terrestrial prey (86.96 %) Aquatic prey (28.26 %) Amphibious prey (30.43 %) Arthropod remains (21.74 %), Undetermined remains (15.22 %) Frequency of occurrence M Adult 46 20⁰45'S, 42⁰07'W Exposure Factor Datasets NR NR BRAZIL
Dietary Composition Frequencies of occurrence: Terrestrial prey (63.64 %) Aquatic prey (39.39 %) Amphibious prey (33.33 %) Arthropod remains (21.21 %), Undetermined remains (9.09 %) Frequency of occurrence F Adult 33 20⁰45'S, 42⁰07'W Exposure Factor Datasets NR NR BRAZIL
Dietary Composition Frequencies of occurrence: Terrestrial prey (79.41 %) Aquatic prey (26.47 %) Amphibious prey (3.26 %) Arthropod remains (20.59 %), Undetermined remains (11.76 %) Frequency of occurrence NR Juvenile 34 20⁰45'S, 42⁰07'W Exposure Factor Datasets NR NR BRAZIL
Citation:

Diet and prey selection of the Invasive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) in southwestern China.

Author(s)
Xuan, L.I.U., Yu, L.U.O., Jiaxin, C.H.E.N., Yisong, G.U.O., Changming, B.A.I. and Yiming, L.I.
Issue
1
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Frequency of occurrence NR Juvenile 21 Caohai: 27°42' N 100°51' E Exposure Factor Datasets CHINA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Frequency of occurrence M Adult 40 Shiping: 23°42' N 102°28' E Exposure Factor Datasets CHINA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Frequency of occurrence F Adult 37 Shiping: 23°42' N 102°28' E Exposure Factor Datasets CHINA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Frequency of occurrence NR Juvenile 24 Shiping: 23°42' N 102°28' E Exposure Factor Datasets CHINA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Frequency of occurrence M Adult 47 Caohai: 27°42' N 100°51' E Exposure Factor Datasets CHINA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Frequency of occurrence F Adult 45 Caohai: 27°42' N 100°51' E Exposure Factor Datasets CHINA
Citation:

Food Habits of the American Bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus in the City of Kyoto, Central Japan.

Author(s)
Dontchev, K. and Matsui, M.
Issue
2
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Countries
Dietary Composition See Table 1 in citation Frequency of occurrence B Both Adults and Juveniles 21 males, 14 females, 159 juveniles Kyoto Exposure Factor Datasets NR NR JAPAN
Citation:

Diet and trophic niche of Lithobates catesbeianus (Amphibia: Anura).

Author(s)
Leivas, P.T., Leivas, F.W. and Moura, M.O.
Issue
5
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Dietary Composition Annelida (4.60), Arachnida (18.80), Crustacea (3.80), Insecta 54.80), Mollusca (0.40), Myriapoda (3.80), Anura (11.30), Osteichthyes (2.50) Precentage of occurrence B Both Adults and Juveniles 181 25°18’47"S, 48°58’07"W; 25°17’09"S, 49°00’05"W; 25°14’21"S, 49°02’10"W Exposure Factor Datasets 173 adults, 8 young females BRAZIL
Citation:

The reproductive biology of the invasive Lithobates catesbeianus (Amphibia: Anura).

Author(s)
Leivas, P.T., Moura, M.O. and Fávaro, L.F.
Issue
2
Volume
46
Location Type Countries
25⁰14'21''S, 49⁰02'10''W, 25⁰17'09''S,
49⁰00'05''W, 25⁰18'47''S, 48⁰58'07''W 		Exposure Factor Datasets BRAZIL
Citation:

Diet of the exotic American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, in a stream of northwestern Baja California, Mexico.

Author(s)
Ortíz-Serrato, L., Ruiz-Campos, G. and Valdez-Villavicencio, J.H.
Issue
1
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 for percentage of occurrence frequency of 15 prey items B Both Adults and Juveniles 64 Between 31⁰47'47.23"N, 116°30'04.02"W and between 31°47'55.46"N, 116°29'17.39"W Exposure Factor Datasets NR MEXICO
Citation:

Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina.

Author(s)
Quiroga, L.B., Moreno, M.D., Cataldo, A.A., Aragón-Traverso, J.H., Pantano, M.V., Olivares, J.P.S. and Sanabria, E.A.
Issue
27-28
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Table 2 for number of prey B Adult 82 31.2515°S, 69.4417°W Exposure Factor Datasets NR ARGENTINA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 2 for number of prey B Juvenile 87 31.2515°S, 69.4417°W Exposure Factor Datasets NR ARGENTINA
Citation:

Age and body size in four introduced populations of the American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus (Ranidae).

Author(s)
Tessa, G., Delforno, C., Govindarajulu, P., Tissot, N., Miaud, C. and Andreone, F.
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity See citation Table II B Both Adults and Juveniles 50 Vancouver Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Age at Sexual Maturity See citation Table II B Both Adults and Juveniles 241 3 populations in France: Gironde Gabauds, Loir et Cher,
Perigord Limousin 		Exposure Factor Datasets FRANCE

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Lab
METHYLPARATHION 79.5 in loco heart rate Not Reported Tadpole 36 NR Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL Laboratory
PENOXSULAM 7.52 mg/L LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 6 Experimental Frog Farm, São Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin in larval and adult forms of Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Beatty, Patrick W., Myron A. Holscher and Robert A. Neal
Pages
578-581
Year
Issue
5
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect Not Reported Tadpole 15 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages I-VII Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect incidence of morphological abnormalities Not Reported Tadpole 15 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages I-VII Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect Both Male and Female Adult 5 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect histopathological changes in liver, kidney, lung, heart and gonads Both Male and Female Adult 5 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acid tolerance of anuran embryos and larvae from central Ontario

Author(s)
Grant, Karen P. and Lawrence E. Licht
Pages
1-6
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SULFURIC ACID significant increase at pH 3.5 and 4.0 Not Reported Tadpole 120 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Teratogenesis, toxicity and bioaccumulation in frogs exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Schuytema, Gerald S., Alan V. Nebeker, William L. Griffis and Karsten N. Wilson
Pages
332-350
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN 34.4 ug/l (95% CL: 31.1 - 38.1 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo-larvae, 11d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 0.5 ug/g at 12.3 ug/l whole body dieldrin concentration (ug/g, wet wt.) at the NOAEL Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 25.1 ug/l LOAEL, based on mortality but gross spinal deformities also observed Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo-larvae, 11d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 360 - 900 range of bioconcentration factors; calculated by dividing the whole body tissue dieldrin concentration by water dieldrin concentration Not Reported Tadpole 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 11.0 ug/l NOAEL Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo-larvae, 11d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 36,000 - 90,000 range of lipid bioconcentration factors; calculated by dividing the whole body bioconcentration values x 100 by percent lipid Not Reported Tadpole 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 8.7 ug/l (95% CL: 7.8-9.7 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 50 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 11.2 ug/l LOAEL Not Reported Tadpole 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 50 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 4.0 ug/l NOAEL Not Reported Tadpole 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 50 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 5.1 ug/g at 8.7 ug/l whole body dieldrin concentration (ug/g, wet wt.) at the LC50 Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 50 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 6.0 ug/g at 11.2 ug/l whole body dieldrin concentration (ug/g, wet wt.) Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 50 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 2.0 ug/g at 4.0 ug/l whole body dieldrin concentration (ug/g, wet wt.) Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 50 d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 360 - 540 range of bioconcentration factors; calculated by dividing the whole body tissue dieldrin concentration by water dieldrin concentration Not Reported Tadpole 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 50 d Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog, bullfrog, red-legged frog and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIURON 12.7 mg/l (95% CI; 9.8 - 16.4) 21 d LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 5/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 15 mo Laboratory
DIURON 7.6 mg/l lowest NOAEL based on body weight endpoint Not Reported Tadpole 5/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 15 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Accumulation, metabolism and toxicity of parathion in tadpoles

Author(s)
Hall, Russell J.
Pages
629-635
Year
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARATHION no effect Not Reported Tadpole 30 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae of seven species of amphibians

Author(s)
Hall, Russell J. and Douglas M. Swineford
Pages
331-336
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 99 ug/l (95% CL: 71-116 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 220 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ENDRIN 2 ug/l (95% CL: 1-5 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 220 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 312 ug/l (95% CL: 225-435 ug/l) EC50; Loss of equilibrium Not Reported Tadpole 220 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ENDRIN > 40 ug/l EC50; Loss of equilibrium Not Reported Tadpole 220 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The use of simultaneous multiple species acute toxicity test to compare the relative sensitivities of aquatic organisms to mercury

Author(s)
McCrary, J.E. and M.G. Heagler
Pages
73-81
Year
Volume
A32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MERCURIC CHLORIDE 63.36 96 hour LC50 (95% Confidence Interval); based on measured concentrations ug Hg/L Not Reported Not Reported 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of tadpoles of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in response to sublethal lead exposure

Author(s)
Steele, Craig W., Shari Strickler-Shaw and Douglas H. Taylor
Pages
331-344
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD NITRATE no effect preference/avoidance behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity Not Reported Tadpole 8 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets premetamorphic Laboratory
Citation:

Elevated maintenance costs in an anuran (Rana catesbeiana) exposed to a mixture of trace elements during the embryonic and early larval periods

Author(s)
Rowe, Christopher L., Owen M. Kinney, Roy D. Nagle and Justin D. Congdon
Pages
27-35
Year
Volume
71
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS increase at contaminated, relative to reference site resting oxygen consumption at 25C, measured in the lab ml O2/hr/tadpole Not Reported Tadpole 8-11 Savannah River Toxicity Factor Datasets 80 d
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS decrease at contaminated, compared to reference site % survival to 80 d posthatching % Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Savannah River Toxicity Factor Datasets 80 d
Citation:

Effects of low concentrations of forest-use pesticides on frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Berrill, Michael, Susan Bertram, Lise McGillivray, Mark Kolohon and Bruce Pauli
Pages
657-664
Year
Issue
4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FENITROTHION no effect hatching success Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo; midneurulation stage Laboratory
FENITROTHION no effect avoidance response assessed by daily prodding of newly hatched tadpoles Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo; midneurulation stage Laboratory
TRICLOPYR no effect hatching success Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo; midneurulation stage Laboratory
TRICLOPYR no effect avoidance response assessed by daily prodding of newly hatched tadpoles Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo; midneurulation stage Laboratory
HEXAZINONE no effect hatching success Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo; midneurulation stage Laboratory
HEXAZINONE no effect Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 d after hatching Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of Zectran insecticide to several wildlife species

Author(s)
Tucker, Richard K. and D. Glen Crabtree
Pages
1307-1310
Year
Issue
6
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MEXACARBATE 283 - 800 mg/kg LD50, estimated Male Not Reported 14 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of organochlorine insecticides to the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, and the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Mulla, M.S.
Pages
299-303
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEPTACHLOR increase at 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDOSULFAN increase at 0.1 and 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE no effect Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDECONE (KEPONE) no effect Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE increase at 0.5 lb/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) increase at 1.0 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDRIN increase at 0.1 and 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Acute toxicity of permethrin to several aquatic animals

Author(s)
Jolly, Jr., Algie L., James W. Avault, Jr., Kenneth L. Koonce and Jerry B. Graves
Pages
825-827
Year
Issue
6
Volume
107
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PERMETHRIN 7,033 ug/l (95% CL: 4,129-8,735 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) toxicity and heptic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity in larval and adult bullfrogs

Author(s)
Kane, Andrew S., Wesley W. Day, Renate Reimschuessel and Michael M. Lipsky
Pages
51-60
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL (3-, LAMPRECIDE) 11.62 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 10.71-13.14) LD50 Not Reported Tadpole 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets Gossner stages 33-38 Laboratory

Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)

Citation:

The effects of sublethal concentrations of organophosphorus insecticides and an insect growth regulator on temperature tolerance in hydrated and dehydrated juvenile western toads, Bufo boreas

Author(s)
Johnson, Clifford Ray and Jerry E. Prine
Pages
147-149
Year
Volume
53
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
FENTHION decrease @ 60 ppb temperature tolerance, estimated by heating water at 1C/3min and using onset of spasms in frogs as the endpoint Not Reported Juvenile 10 animals/replicate; 2 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS decrease @ 30 and 60 ppb temperature tolerance, estimated by heating water at 1C/3min and using onset of spasms in frogs as the endpoint Not Reported Juvenile 10 animals/replicate; 2 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION decrease @ 25 and 50 ppb temperature tolerance, estimated by heating water at 1C/3min and using onset of spasms in frogs as the endpoint Not Reported Juvenile 10 animals/replicate; 2 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of mine drainage to embryonic and larval boreal toads (Bufonidae: Bufo boreas)

Author(s)
Porter, Kenneth R and Dean E. Hakanson
Pages
327-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1976
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ZINC SULFATE increase @ 39 mg/l 100% mortality reported Not Reported Juvenile 5-25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets larvae Laboratory
COPPER SULFATE increase @ 3.7 mg/l 100% mortality reported Not Reported Juvenile 5-25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets larvae Laboratory
IRON SULFATE increase @ 30-288 mg/l Not Reported Juvenile 5-25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets larvae Laboratory

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Comparative Toxicity of Guthion and Guthion 2S to Xenopus laevis and Pseudacris regilla tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S., A.V. Nebeker and W.L. Griffis
Pages
382-388
Year
Volume
54
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 1.78 mg/l NOAEL Not Reported Tadpole 10 tadpoles/replicate; 2 replicates/dose; 5 doses Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 wk Laboratory
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 9.67 mg/l LOAEL Not Reported Tadpole 10 tadpoles/replicate; 2 replicates/dose; 5 doses Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 wk Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog, bullfrog, red-legged frog and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIURON 15.2 mg/l 14-d LC50 value; mean of 2 tests Not Reported Tadpole 8/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 12 - 24 d Laboratory
DIURON 14.5 mg/l lowest NOAEL based on body length/weight endpoints Not Reported Tadpole 8/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 12 - 24 d Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative effects of ammonium and nitrate compounds on Pacific treefrog and African clawed frog embryos

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
200-206
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
AMMONIUM NITRATE 25.0 10-d LC50 value for embryos mg/L as NH4-N Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 21.9-28.7 (95% CI) Laboratory
AMMONIUM NITRATE 6.9 LOAEL for body weight and length mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AMMONIUM NITRATE 3.3 NOAEL for body weight and length mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 30.3 10-d LC50 for embryos mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 27.0 - 33.4 (95% CI) Laboratory
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 24.9 LOAEL for body weight and length and deformities mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 12.8 NOAEL for body weight and length and deformities mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Response of amphibians to clearcutting, burning, and glyphosate application in the Oregon Coast Range

Author(s)
Cole, Elizabeth C., William C. McComb, Michael Newton, Carol L. Chambers, J.P. Leeming
Pages
656-664
Year
Volume
61
Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
no effect capture rates between logged and burned units and the logged, burned and sprayed units during the year after spraying Not Reported Not Reported 3 units/treatment Oregon Coast Range Toxicity Factor Datasets
no effect capture rates between logged and burned units and the logged, burned and sprayed units during the year after spraying Not Reported Not Reported 3 units/treatment Oregon Coast Range Toxicity Factor Datasets

Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum)

Citation:

Methoxychlor alters hatching and larval startle response in the salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum

Author(s)
Ingermann, R.L., D.C. Bencic and V.P. Eroschenko
Pages
815-821
Year
Volume
59
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHOXYCHLOR no appreciable mortality embryo and larvae (10 d post-hatch) mortality Not Reported Embryo, Juvenile 30-34 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHOXYCHLOR decrease @ 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 mg/L mean day of hatch, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo, Juvenile 30-34 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHOXYCHLOR decrease @ 0.3, 1, 3, 10 mg/l responsiveness to startle and distance travelled post-startle in larvae Not Reported Juvenile 30-34 eggs exposed/dose; 14-27 larvae tested/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHOXYCHLOR decrease @ 0.3 and 10 mg/L mean body weight of larvae Not Reported Embryo, Juvenile 30-38 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Residues of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarkii) and California newts (Tarichia torosa) from a lake treated with technical chlordane

Author(s)
Albright, L.J., P.C. Oloffs and S.Y Szeto
Pages
333-349
Year
Issue
4
Volume
815
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CHLORDANE 8,906 ppb, range; 4,954 - 15, 609 ppb mean and range of total technical chlordane residues in newt carcasses (without liver and stomach) 14 days after application Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CHLORDANE 2,116 ppb, range; 1,354 - 3,783 ppb mean and range of total technical chlordane residues in newt carcasses (without liver and stomach) 451 days after application Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CHLORDANE 176 ppb, range; 29 - 272 ppb mean and range of total technical chlordane residues in newt carcasses (without liver and stomach) 1036 days after application Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog, bullfrog, red-legged frog and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIURON 22.2 mg/l (95% CI; 19.8 - 25.0) 14 d LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 5/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
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