Lithobates catesbeianus

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Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Relationships among cutaneous surface area, cutaneous mass, and body mass in frogs: A reappraisal

Author(s)
Talbot, Colleen R. and Martin E. Feder
Pages
1135-1147
Year
Issue
6
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Surface Area Log SA = 0.923 + (0.711Log BW) SA = Total Surface Area in cm2; BW = body weight in grams wet weight; Log base 10; surface area estimated from removed skin of frogs ranging from 40 - 442 g cm2 Not Reported Adult 16 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in the lower Colorado River, Arizona-California

Author(s)
Clarkson, Robert W. and James C. deVos, Jr.
Pages
42-49
Year
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity yr Not Reported Adult Not Reported lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 9.1 mean density measured on both banks of river #/linear river km Not Reported Adult 3 visual counts lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition crayfish (24%), wolf spiders (36%), long horned earwigs (20%), sowbugs (25%), german cockroaches (14%), crickets (16%), vascular plants (36%), inorganic material (12%), other animals (10%) % frequency of occurence in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 100 lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying early Apr. (begin), late Apr. - early May and late May - early June (peaks), July (end) breeding season Not Reported Adult 100 lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Microhabitat and prey size among three species of Rana (Anura: Ranidae) sympatric in eastern Canada

Author(s)
McAlpine, Donald F. and Timothy G. Dilworth
Pages
2244-2252
Year
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 142.8 g Not Reported Adult 39 York County, New Brunswick [lat., 45^o47'; long., 66^o37'] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 77.4 SD
Citation:

Intrapopulation variation in the body size at metamorphosis and timing of metamorphosis in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Collins, James P.
Pages
738-749
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve, Livingston County [lat., 42.5N] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding behavior of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in north central Texas

Author(s)
Carpenter, H. L. and Morrison, E. O.
Pages
188-193
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Insecta (92.0%), Crustacea (13.7%), Arachnida (13.7%), Diploda (5.6%), Chilopoda (1.6%), Gastropoda (4.0%), Reptilia (3.2%), Amphibia (9.6%), Aves (1.6%), Osteichthyes (4.0%) Percent occurrence in stomach contents from frogs collected during day and night Not Reported Not Reported 124 ponds in north central TX Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The reproductive behavior of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Ryan, Michael J.
Pages
108-114
Year
Volume
1980
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7,360 Number of eggs in a 10x10cm area used to estimate eggs per mass #/egg mass Female Adult 36 Basking Pond, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Morris County Exposure Factor Datasets 741.7 SE
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr - June Female Adult 36 Basking Pond, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Morris County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.1353 mm/d Male 46 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 2 yr CANADA 0.01079 SE
Growth Rate 0.0930 mm/d Female 14 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 3 yr CANADA 0.02287 SE
Growth Rate 0.0841 mm/d Male 12 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 3 yr CANADA 0.01882 SE
Growth Rate 0.1250 mm/d Female 10 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yr CANADA 0.02155 SE
Growth Rate 0.0697 mm/d Male 7 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yr CANADA 0.03720 SE
Growth Rate 0.0449 mm/d Female 5 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yr CANADA 0.00996 SE
Growth Rate -0.0043 mm/d Male 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yr CANADA 0.33534 SE
Growth Rate 0.0466 mm/d Female 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 6 yr CANADA 0.02093 SE
Growth Rate 0.0038 mm/d Male 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 6 yr CANADA 0.01654 SE
Growth Rate 0.0304 mm/d Female 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 7 yr CANADA 0.02256 SE
Age at Sexual Maturity 5 Average age at maturity, measured in years post-transformation yr Female Adult 567 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 Average age at maturity, measured in years post-transformation yr Male Adult 567 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Home range and movements of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (Shaw), in an Ontario pond

Author(s)
Currie, William and Edward D. Bellis
Pages
688-692
Year
Volume
1969
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density #/1000 ft2 Both Male and Female Adult 131 pond at Go Home Bay, Ontario [lat.,45N; long., 79^o59'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Home Range 8.6 mean activity radius; median = 7.2 ft; mode = 5.0-5.9 ft ft Both Male and Female Adult 131 pond at Go Home Bay, Ontario [lat.,45N; long., 79^o59'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

A comparison of spring food habits of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in three habitats of central Arkansas

Author(s)
McKamie, J.A. and G.A. Heidt
Pages
107-111
Year
Issue
1
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Not Reported Not Reported 29 - 62 streams, ponds, strip pits in Pulaski, Loanoke and Saline counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition see citation % occurrence of 44 food items in stomach contents (species level) Not Reported Not Reported 139 streams, ponds, strip pits in Pulaski, Loanoke and Saline counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: the role of larval competition

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Pages
1736-1751
Year
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Time of Mating/ Laying July laying Female Adult Not Reported Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino
Population Density 18.2 #/m2 Both Male and Female Tadpole 17 quadrats Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets "overwintered" tadpoles Mendocino 13.1 SD
Population Density 90.9 #/m2 Both Male and Female Tadpole 20 quadrats Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets "overwintered" tadpoles Mendocino 97.7 SD
Citation:

Survival rate, population density and development of a naturally occurring anuran larvae (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Cecil, Stephen G. and John J. Just
Pages
447-453
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/m2 Not Reported Tadpole 3 sampling periods, 20,000 animals Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 1 yr Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of annual variation in weight g Not Reported Tadpole 27 - 1817 Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bullfrog food and growth at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, California

Author(s)
Cohen, Nathan W. and Walter E. Howard
Pages
223-225
Year
Volume
1958
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Coleoptera (43.6%), Notonectidae (10.3%), Diptera (6.6%), Hymenoptera (6.3%), Locustidae (6.0%), Ephemeroptera (4.3%), Gryllidae (4.3%), Protura (3.3%), Chironomidae (2.6%), Culicidae (2.0%), Lepidoptera (1.3%), Odonata (0.3%), Gerridae (0.3%), Mantidae (0.3%), Sepsidae (0.3%), Unidentified parts (21.3%), Decomposed tissue (18.0%), Spiders (16.0%), Rocks, grass, leaves (22.0%), Chitinous material (10%), Snails, Planorbid (9.0%), Frogs (5.6%), Snails, Physid (4.7%), Small fish (4.3%), Unknown vertebrates (2.3%), Tadpoles (1.3%), Salamander (1.0%), Feathers (1.0%), Worms (0.6%), Egg sack (0.3%), Rabbit pellet (0.3%), Peromyscus (0.3%) % of stomachs in which food item was present at least once, frog weight range 10 - 200 g Not Reported Not Reported 300 San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning time to complete from egg through metamorphosis mo Not Reported Not Reported 300 San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean g Not Reported Not Reported 300 San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The eastern bullfrog in California

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
219-224
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity yr Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relation of body size and surface area to gas exchange in anurans

Author(s)
Hutchinson, Victor H., W.G. Whitford and M. Kohl
Pages
65-85
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 17.02 Pulmonary oxygen uptake at 5C ul O2/g/hr Not Reported 9 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 24.56 Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 5C ul O2/g/hr Not Reported 9 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Ecology and management of the bullfrog

Author(s)
Bury, R. B. and J.A. Whelan
Pages
23
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication No. 155
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis Review Both Male and Female Tadpole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Emergence, breeding, hibernation, movements and transformation of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in Missouri

Author(s)
Willis, Yuell L., Don L. Moyle, and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
30-41
Year
Volume
1956
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May (begin), June (peak), Aug. (end) Measured as examining percentage of females with gonads in different developmental stages Female Adult 350 farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Mar. Not Reported Adult Not Reported farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range distance of pond shoreline used ft Not Reported Adult 31 farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis May (begin), July-Aug. (peak), Oct. (end) Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An analysis of the food habits of the bullfrog by body size, sex, month, and habitat

Author(s)
Brooks, G. R., Jr.
Pages
173-186
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Insecta (51.8%); Arachnida (11.2%); Amphibia (2.8%); Diploda (1.3%); Gastropoda (1.3%); Crustacea (1.4%);Teleosts (1.1%); Mammalia (0.2%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (0.2%); Pebbles and sand (3.4%); Vegetative material (12.5%); Digested material (11.6%) % occurrence of item; obtained by dividing # of a specific item taken by total # of items; based on stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 129 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Insecta (20.6%); Arachnida (4.8%); Amphibia (27.4%); Diploda (0.3%); Gastropoda (1.0%); Crustacea (4.3%);Teleosts (0.6%); Mammalia (5.0%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (6.4%); Pebbles and sand (8.0%); Vegetative material (12.3%); Digested material (7.3%) % weight of an item; obtained by dividing the weight of a specific item by the total weight of all items; obtained from stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 129 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 0.4 average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 17.5 g g Both Male and Female Not Reported 78 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 2.33 average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 106.3 g g Both Male and Female Not Reported 42 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 4.6 average weight of stomach contents for frogs with an average body weight of 248.7 g g Both Male and Female Not Reported 18 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal rhythms of development and temperature selection in larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw

Author(s)
Crawshaw, Larry I.; Richard N. Rausch; Lonnie P. Wollmuth and Ethan J. Bauer
Pages
346-359
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate 0.4 measured at 25C; Taylor-Kollros stages stages/d Not Reported Tadpole 11-14 Exposure Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages 10-22 Laboratory
Growth Rate 0.02 measured at 25C; Taylor-Kollros stages stages/d Not Reported Tadpole 11-14 Exposure Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages 10-22 Laboratory
Citation:

Growth responses of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, fed various live foods

Author(s)
Modzelewski, Edward H., Jr, and Dudley D. Culley, Jr.
Pages
396-405
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 5.9 mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 29.8 g % Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 2 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 4.0 mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 42.4 g % Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 3 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 3.3 mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 55.8 g % Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 4 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 10.7 g Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets newly transformed Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 17.5 g Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 1 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 29.8 g Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 2 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 42.4 g Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 3 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 55.8 g Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 4 mo post-transformation Laboratory
Citation:

Alternative mating behaviors of young male bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
397-406
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.42 probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) Male Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets 2 or 3 yrs
Survival/ Mortality 0.52 probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) Male Adult Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yrs
Survival/ Mortality 0.23 probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) Male Adult Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yrs
Citation:

Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) cannibalism

Author(s)
Stuart, James N. and Charles W. Painter
Pages
103
Year
Issue
3
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Newly metamorphosed and larval Rana (87%), Aquatic snails (5%), Adult and larval aquatic Coleoptera (3%), Adult and larval Odonata (3%), Other (2%) Total percent volume of stomach contents, frog snout-vent length range = 90 - 190 mm Both Male and Female Adult 138 Wall Lake, southeast Catron County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age, growth, and homing in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Durham, Leonard and George W. Bennett
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June Female Adult Not Reported Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 0.02 at metamorphosis lbs Not Reported 48 Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets at metamorphosis
Body Weight - Mean lbs Not Reported 5-13 Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets during 1st yr
Body Weight - Mean 0.46 lbs Not Reported 5 Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets end of 2nd yr
Body Weight - Mean 0.52 lbs Not Reported 5 Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets end of 3rd yr
Body Weight - Mean 0.58 lbs Not Reported 3 Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets end of 4th yr
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Mar. Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 0.64 lbs Not Reported 6 Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets end of 5th yr
Citation:

Comparative food habits of sympatric mink frogs, bullfrogs, and green frogs

Author(s)
Stewart, Margaret M. and Peggy Sandison
Pages
241-244
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation % frequency of 26 food items in stomach contents (family level) Not Reported Adult 24 Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Barber Point, Cranberry Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Differences in food of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) from pond and stream habitats in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack. D. and Roger D. Hoestenbach, Jr.
Pages
33-38
Year
Issue
1
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Gastropoda (0.7%), Arachnida (0.2%), Crustacea (12.8%), Insecta (81.5%), Chilopoda (0.2%), Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae (8.7%), Ictaluridae (10.1%), Centrarchidae (2.9%), Amphibia (0.7%), Mammalia (0.5%) Percent stomachs containing item Not Reported Not Reported 415 ponds, Comanche and Kiowa counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life period, growth and differentiation of Rana catesbeiana larvae occurring in nature

Author(s)
Viparina, Sally and John J. Just
Pages
103-109
Year
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean Range of means g Not Reported Tadpole 41 - 194 ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages II - IX
Body Weight - Mean Range of means g Not Reported Tadpole 23 - 235 ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets Taylor-Kollros stages XVIII - XXI
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis June (begin), July - Aug. (peak), Oct. (end) Tadpole transformation determined by presence of Taylor-Kollros stages XIX - XXIV Not Reported Tadpole 3500 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning Time to transformation after hatching from eggs mo Not Reported Tadpole 3500 ponds, University of Kentucky, Lexington [lat.,38^o06'23"N; long., 84^o30'08"W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Oxygen uptake in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Crowder, William C., Minghua Nie and Gordon R. Ultsch
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
280
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate see citation figures of oxygen consumption of submerged tadpoles measured at various oxygen tensions and pre-metamorphic stages ul/g/hr Not Reported Tadpole 10/group Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Territoriality in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Emlen, Stephen T.
Pages
240-243
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1968
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Territory Size 17.8 Average distance between male frog and closest male neighbor within a chorus; also reported as a minimum territory radius of 9 ft. ft Male Adult 94 Pond in E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets 5.9 SD
Citation:

Diet composition in postmetamorphic bullfrogs and green frogs: implications for interspecific predation and competition

Author(s)
Werner, Earl E., Gary A. Wellborn and Mark A. McPeek
Pages
600-607
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Coleoptera (2.3-6.5%), Wasps and bees (1.1-4.7%), Ants (0-3.5%), Homoptera (2.3-6.0%), Odonata (12.4-17.5%), Larval Lepidoptera (0.5-2.1%), Diptera (3.7-10.5%), Arachnids (0-3.2%), Miscellaneous terrestrial(10.5-11.1%), Hemiptera (19.2-23.2), Larval Odonata (3.4-5.0%), Larval Diptera (4.4-7.2%), Miscellaneous aquatic (1.9-7.4%), Frogs (5.1-14.5%), Metamorphosing Odonates (0-5.7%), Miscellaneous (1.8-7.3) Percentage of bullfrog diet items Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 23-46 Turkey Marsh, Kellogg Biological Station, Kalamazoo County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of temperature acclimation on oxygen consumption, haemodyamics and oxygen transport in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Weathers, Wesley W.
Pages
321-330
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Not Reported Adult 8 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 15.5 Oxygen consumption measured at 5C, frogs acclimated at 5C, mean body weight = 646 g (25.5 SE) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 8 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.2 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 53.3 Oxygen consumption measured at 20C, frogs acclimated at 20C, mean body weight = 621 g (30.5 SE) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 8 Exposure Factor Datasets 2.1 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Foods of some Kentucky herptiles

Author(s)
Bush, Francis M.
Pages
73-77
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Decapoda: Astacidae (47.7%); Lepidoptera (19.0%); Coleoptera: Lampryidae (5.8%); Chrysomelidae (5.8%); Carabidae (4.1%); Curculionidae (0.3%); Chilopoda (7.7%); sand, gravel (1.2%); unidentified (1%) % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 18 Breathitt and Perry counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

"Double clutching" and its possible significance in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Emlen, Stephen T.
Pages
749-751
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1977
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year Double clutching observed in 5 out of 73 females clutches/yr Female Adult 73 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changing respiratory importance of gills, lungs and skin during metamorphosis in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Burggren, Warren W., and Nigel H. West
Pages
151-164
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Surface Area 15.09 Mean total skin surface area measured by removing skin; air-breathing tadpole body weight 4.48 g +/- 0.31 SE cm2 Not Reported Tadpole 20 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.85 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 5.9 Mean total oxygen uptake at 20C (summed from skin and gill uptake), aquatic tadpole (stage IV-V) body weight = 3.6 g +/- 1.03 SE umol O2/g/hr Not Reported Tadpole 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 6.9 Mean total oxygen uptake at 20C (summed from skin and gill/lung uptake), air-breathing tadpole (stage XVI-XIX) body weight = 5.3 g +/- 1.2 SE umol O2/g/hr Not Reported Tadpole 8 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 1.1 Mean total oxygen uptake at 20C (summed from skin and lung uptake), body weight = 228.2 g +/- 70.3 SE umol O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Economics, adult feeding and larval growth of Rana catesbeiana on a fish hatchery

Author(s)
Corse, Wayne A. and Dean E. Metter
Pages
231-238
Year
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition frogs (12.1%); goldfish (30.3%); gastropods (12.4%); crayfish (9.3%); arachnida (4.4%); coleoptera adult (10.6%); hemiptera (8.2%); orthoptera (8.7%) % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items % Not Reported Adult 772 goldfish pond, Richland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition frogs (13.0%); shiners (27.5%); gastropods (16.1%); crayfish (16.3%); arachnida (4.5%); coleoptera adult (10.5%); hemiptera (13.5%); orthoptera (5.8%); lepidoptera larvae (4.5%); odonata adult (4.2%) % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items % Not Reported Adult 553 bait minnow pond, Richland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The influence of male-defended oviposition sites on early embryo mortality in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
789-798
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses to temperature and hypoxia in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Rocha, Priscila L. and Luiz G.S. Branco
Pages
761-768
Year
Volume
201
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 175.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 30 Exposure Factor Datasets 8.16 SE Laboratory
Inhalation Rate see citation figure of breathing frequency (breaths/min) at various seasons, temperatures and oxygen levels Both Male and Female Adult 6/group Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Sexual dimorphism in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
303-310
Year
Issue
2
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate mm/yr Both Male and Female Adult 22 Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The evolution of mating strategies in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
850-874
Year
Issue
4
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity yr Not Reported Adult Not Reported Edwin S. George Reserve, Ann Arbor Exposure Factor Datasets
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