Fledging or Weaning Rate

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American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive changes in the American Robin (Turdus migratorius L.) of the Pacific Northwest.

Author(s)
Kemper, D.L. and Taylor, J.M.
Issue
2
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 86.6 Egg-to-fledgling success rate % Fledgling 27 clutches University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproductive biology of American Robins in northern Maine.

Author(s)
Knupp, D.M., Owen Jr, R.B. and Dimond, J.B.
Issue
1
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.5 Average young fledged/nest Young fledged/nest Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Ashy Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa)

Citation:

Use of social attraction to restore Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa at Orizaba Rock, Santa Cruz Island, California.

Author(s)
McIver, W.R., Carter, H.R., Harvey, A.L., Mazurkiewicz, D.M. and Mason, J.W.
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type California Counties Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate See citation Figure 8 Chicks fledged/nest % Orizaba Rock, Santa Cruz Island Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate See citation Figure 8 Chicks fledged/nest % Cave of the Birds' Eggs, Santa Cruz Island Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara USA

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Short-term effects of the prestige oil spill on the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus).

Author(s)
Zuberogoitia, I., Martínez, J.A., Iraeta, A., Azkona, A., Zabala, J., Jiménez, B., Merino, R. and Gomez, G.
Issue
10
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 1.4, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.54, 2001: 2.48, 2002: 2.48, 2003: 2.75 Mean number fledglings/breeding pair Mean number fledglings/breeding pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 2, 1999: 2.91, 2000: 2.5, 2001: 2.89, 2002: 2.71, 2003: 3.21 Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair Mean number fledglings/successful breeding pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1998: 1.27, 1999: 2.67, 2000: 2.31, 2001: 2.36, 2002: 1.96, 2003: 2.41 Mean number fledglings/territorial pair Mean number fledglings/territorial pair Fledgling 1998: 11, 1999: 12, 2000: 13, 2001: 22, 2002: 29, 2003: 34 Biskaia Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN
Citation:

Probleme der Fortpflanzungsbiolgie und Bestandserhaltung bei deutschen Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus)

Author(s)
Mebs, Theodor
Pages
47-56
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.46 fledglings/brood Both Male and Female Fledgling 48 broods Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

Population ecology of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in Baden-Wuerttemberg, 1965-1991

Author(s)
Wegner, Peter
Pages
p.211-218
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.6 fledlings/pair Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

Reproductive success of peregrine falcons and other raptors at Wager Bay and Melville Peninsula Northwest Territories

Author(s)
Calef, George W. and Douglas C. Heard
Pages
662-674
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate range over 2 yrs young/successful nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 - 18 nests Wager Bay, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The population biology of peregrine falcons in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, Gordon S., D. Mark Bradley, C. Cormack Gates, and David A. Boag
Pages
729-739
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.91 representative number of fledglings per nest attempt in a "normal year" fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 101 pairs Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 mean number of fledglings per nest fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 18 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.80 average number of fledged or nearly fledged young per occupied cliff fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Adult 12 pairs Yukon River Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.6 average fledging rate fledglings/active nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The indirect effects of climate variability on the reproductive dynamics and productivity of an avian predator in the arid Southwest.

Author(s)
Borgman, C.C. and Wolf, B.O.
Issue
1
Volume
180
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.6 Number fledged per successful nest B Fledgling 67 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.4
Citation:

Breeding biology and nesting success of Loggerhead Shrikes in Ontario.

Author(s)
Chabot, A.A., Bird, D.M. and Titman, R.D.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1991: 3.9, 1992: 4.2 Number fledged per successful nest B Fledgling 1991: 27, 1992: 50 breeding pairs Three sites in southern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA 1991: 0.3, 1992: 0.3
Citation:

Habitat selection and reproductive success of Loggerhead Shrikes in northwest Missouri: a hierarchical approach.

Author(s)
Esely Jr, J.D. and Bollinger, E.K.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate Roadside nests: 55.3%, interior nests: 79.2% B Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate Review B Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Age and experience affect the reproductive success of captive loggerhead shrikes.

Author(s)
Imlay, T.L., Steiner, J.C. and Bird, D.
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.6 B Fledgling 459 nesting attempts; 98 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.5
Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 mean number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

The effects of fencelines on the reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
281-285
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.4 average number of fledglings produced per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 64 clutches, 245 eggs Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 1.7 SD
Citation:

Reproductive success and nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E. and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
37-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.7 average number of fledglings produced per successful nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 32 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 SD
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.40 average number of fledglings produced per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 65 successful nests Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Cooperative breeding in the Campo Flicker II: Patterns of reproduction and kinship.

Author(s)
Dias, R.I., Macedo, R.H., Goedert, D. and Webster, M.S.
Issue
4
Volume
115
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate See citation Table 2 Number of fledglings produced by each female of a group B Fledgling Central Brazil Exposure Factor Datasets BRAZIL
Citation:

The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
218-225
Year
Issue
2
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.78 mean fledging rate fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets 2.99 SD
Citation:

Delayed nesting decreases reproductive success in northern flickers: implications for competition with European starlings

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
321-326
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.09 average number of fledglings from clutches laid early in the breeding season (1990-1992, 1994) fledglings/clutch Not Reported Fledgling 11 clutches New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.75 average number of fledglings from clutches laid late in the breeding season (1990-1992, 1994) fledglings/clutch Not Reported Fledgling 4 clutches New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology and behavior

Author(s)
Martin, Dennis J.
Pages
446-456
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.9 fledglings/pair Both Male and Female Fledgling 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate proportion of nesting pairs that successfully fledged young (over two years) % Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest site characteristics and reproductive success of burrowing owls (Strigiformes: Strigidae) in Durango, Mexico

Author(s)
Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
143-148
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.91 fledglings/successful nest Both Male and Female Adult 52 nests Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: influence of food supply on reproduction

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Franklin Gress, and Kenneth F. Mais
Pages
23-31
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of mean fledging rates (number of fledglings per built nest) over a 6 year period Not Reported Fledgling 76-1258 nests/year West Anacapa Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of mean fledging rates (number of fledglings per built nest) over a 6 year period Not Reported Fledgling 76-1258 nests/year Isla Coronado Norte Exposure Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 9/16 fraction of nests that sucessfully raised at least one nestling to the age of 4 weeks successful nests/total nests Both Male and Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.67 average number of young fledged fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09
Citation:

Red-tailed hawk and horned owl populations in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 64% percent of nests known to fledge young Not Reported Fledgling 11 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2 number of fledglings produced per pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Nest-site tenacity of least Bell's vireos

Author(s)
Greaves, James M.
Pages
50-54
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 66 percent of birds that successfully fledged one young % Female Adult 98 birds Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara
Citation:

Endangered status and strategies for conservation of the least Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) in California

Author(s)
Franzreb, Kathleen E.
Pages
43-49
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate review reproductive success data Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The least Bell's vireo in California: A de facto endangered race

Author(s)
Goldwasser, Sharon, David Gaines and Sanford R. Wilbur
Pages
742-745
Year
Issue
5
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 21 percent of active nests that fledged at least one young % Both Male and Female Adult 14 nests various CA locations Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Use of free ranging American kestrels and nest boxes for contaminant risk assessment sampling: a field application

Author(s)
Craft, Randall A. and Karen P. Craft
Pages
207-212
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 89% mean percent of young hatched that fledged (4 sample years) % Not Reported Juvenile 148 hatchlings Lucas and Wayne Counties (40deg57'N, 93deg18'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

American kestrel reproduction and dispersal in central Wisconsin

Author(s)
Jacobs, Eugene A.
Pages
135-137
Year
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 88% percent of nests that fledged at least one young % Not Reported Juvenile 42 nests Portage County (44deg27'N, 89deg40'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.0 average number of young fledged fledges/nest Not Reported Fledgling 4 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.41
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 98 of chicks that hatched % Both Male and Female Fledgling 150 Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.7 fledged/successful nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 30 nests Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.1 fledged/active nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 36 nests Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.2 number of fledglings produced per pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.0 three year mean fledging rate number of fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 28 pairs rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)

Citation:

Natural history and management of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike

Author(s)
Scott, Thomas A. and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
23-57
Year
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.33 mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 29 nests San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0.34 SD

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.51 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 74 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.45 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 41 hens prairie pothole region, North Dkota Exposure Factor Datasets second year
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 22 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after second year
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.18 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 11 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after third year

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Consumption of primary production by a population of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) in the Mojave desert

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
357-376
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 42 estimated age at weaning d Not Reported Juvenile 104 Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 35-165 pairs/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 775-1,264 pairs/year statewide Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of fledging rates, 2 years fledglings/nests Not Reported Fledgling 16-58 nests/year Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Second wave nesting of the California least tern: age composition and reproductive success

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
596-605
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.50 (first wave), 0.58 (second wave) mean number of fledglings produced per nesting pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 10 nests (first wave), 33 nests (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Population status and trends of the California least tern

Author(s)
Fancher, Jack M.
Pages
59-66
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.69 statewide average annual fledging rate, 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 832-1708 nesting pairs/year Exposure Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.98 +/- 0.07 to 1.78 +/- 0.06 mean number of chicks fledged/nest (over 3 years) Both Male and Female Fledgling 296-424 nests/year San Francisco Bay estuary Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Characteristics of a rapidly increasing colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Lake Ontario: Population Size, Reproductive Parameters and Band Recoveries

Author(s)
Weseloh, D.V. Chip and Peter J. Ewins
Pages
443-456
Year
Issue
2
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.14 mean number of young produced/active nest (across 10 yrs) Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) Exposure Factor Datasets spring

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.3 fledging rate among successful nests fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Observations on the nesting sucess of Bell's vireos in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Clark, Clarence F.
Pages
117-120
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 59.9 percent of eggs producing fledglings of total eggs laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50% proportion of nestlings known or believed to have fledged Both Male and Female Fledgling 8 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Effects of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds on willow flycatcher nesting success along the Kern River, California

Author(s)
Harris, John H.
Pages
13-26
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 16% Percent of nests that fledged young Not Reported Fledgling 19 nests Kern River Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.3 average number of fledglings per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra 1.3 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 29% total egg-to-fledgling success rate Not Reported Fledgling 5 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Citation:

Nest success and age-specific mortality in Traill's flycatchers

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
837-841
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 36.4% percent of young fledged of total eggs laid Not Reported Fledgling 272 eggs, 91 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Reproductive success of grassland birds at east-central Illinois airports

Author(s)
Kershner, Eric L., and Eric K. Bollinger
Pages
358-366
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.44 proportion of nests that fledged at least one young Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests airports in east-central IL Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.88 mean number of young fledged per successful nest fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.22

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in a cold desert ecosystem

Author(s)
Howe, Frank P. and Lester D. Flake
Pages
467-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 75% proportion of active nests that fledged young Both Male and Female Adult 24 nests Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate mean number of fledglings per successful nest (over three years) Both Male and Female Adult 5-7 nests/yr Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.87 average number of fledglings per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 185 successful nests near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.8 average number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 1108-1443 nests/year Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning dove production in four Idaho orchards and some possible implications

Author(s)
Fichter, Edson
Pages
438-447
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.62 number of doves fledged per breeding adult Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Minnesota

Author(s)
Harris, Stanley W., Marius A. Morse, and William H. Longley
Pages
150-172
Year
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate number of young fledged per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling ~81 nests/year Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success of mourning doves near a nuclear generating plant

Author(s)
Faanes, Craig A.
Pages
201-204
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 49.4% proportion of active nests that successfully fledged young Both Male and Female Fledgling 524 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.8 mean number of young fledged per successful nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 358 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 6.7 mean number of fledglings produced per adult female fledglings/female Both Male and Female Fledgling 7 marked pairs Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning dove nesting habitat and nest success in central Missouri

Author(s)
Drobney, Ronald D., John H. Schulz, Steven L. Sheriff, and Wesley J. Fuemmeler
Pages
299-305
Year
Issue
222
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 37.3 percent of all nests in which nestlings reached 10 d of age % Both Male and Female Adult 83 nests Davisdale Wildlife Area (39deg01.3'N,92deg37.5'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 64.5 proportion of attempted nests that fledged at least one young % Both Male and Female Adult 220 nests Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Fledging or Weaning Rate 6.0-6.2 mean number of nestlings raised per nesting pair per season (representing multiple broods per season) Both Male and Female Adult 43 pairs Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Nest density and success of columbids in Puerto Rico

Author(s)
Rivera-Milan, Frank F.
Pages
100-113
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 21% nest success estimate based on Mayfield method % Both Male and Female Adult 27 nests near Cidra, Guanica, and Cabo Rojo Exposure Factor Datasets PUERTO RICO

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.32 number of young fledged per female young/female Female Adult 38 females near Delta, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.06 SE

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Post-fledging departure from colonies by juvenile Least Terns in Texas: implications for estimating production

Author(s)
Thompson, Bruce C., and R. Douglas Slack
Pages
309-313
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 76.8 estimated survival rate of banded juveniles % Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Aransas and San Patricio Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 2SE
Fledging or Weaning Rate estimated fledgling production among 4 colonies fledglings/breeding pairs Not Reported Fledgling 26-140 pairs/colony Aransas and San Patricio Counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

Status and breeding ecology of the southwestern willow flycatcher in the Grand Canyon

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Timothy J. Tibbitts, Jim R. Petterson
Pages
142-157
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 18% percent of nests that fledged at least one young % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 17 nest attempts (in 5 sample years) Colorado River Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Status and breeding biology of the snowy plover charadrius alexandrius in California

Author(s)
Page, Gary W. and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
38-39
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.0 number of young fledged per successful brood fledglings/brood Not Reported Fledgling 35 nests Point Reyes Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.64 number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) fledglings/brood Not Reported Fledgling 22 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 92.7 percent of 16 day old chicks that fledged % Not Reported Juvenile 124 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Fledging or Weaning Rate percent of hatched chicks that fledged (over 6 years) d Not Reported Fledgling 296 chicks Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 19.3% Percent of nests in which at least one chick hatched. % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 316 nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters

Author(s)
Riedman, Marianne L., James A. Estes, Michelle M. Staedler, Alisa A. Giles and David R. Carlson
Pages
391-399
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.4 pre-weaning survival rate (mothers aged 3-6 years) Female Adult 5 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 3-6 years Monterey
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.75 pre-weaning survival rate (mothers aged 7-10 years) Female Adult 12 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 7-10 years Monterey
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.0 pre-weaning survival rate (mothers aged 11-14 years) Female Adult 4 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 11-14 years Monterey

Citation:

Impacts of predators: center nests are less successful than edge nests in a large nesting colony of least terns

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
372-380
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.06-0.57 mean fledging success during two years of study fledglings/eggs laid Juvenile 545-606 nests per study year Sandy Point, West Haven Exposure Factor Datasets
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