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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Brain lesions in mallard ducklings from parents fed methylmercury

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and Louis N. Locke
Pages
9-17
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased @ 3 ppm incidence of brain lesions (demyelination, necrosis, neuronal shrinkage) Not Reported Juvenile 3-11 ducklings/group 0, 0.5, 3 ppm diet TOX-REPRO - development 3-15 mos parental diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mercury accumulation in mallards fed methylmercury with or without added DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
372-376
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE 1.4 +/- 0.18 (@ 1 ppm, no DDE), 8.7 +/- 0.87 (@ 5 ppm, no DDE) ppm Hg, wet wt mean Hg concentration in third egg laid in clutch (mean +/- SE) Female Adult 10/group 1, 5 ppm Hg; both doses given with and w/out 5 ppm DDE TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE 1.0 +/- 0.06 (@ 1 ppm Hg, no DDE), 5.3 +/- 0.56 (@ 5 ppm Hg, no DDE) ppm Hg, wet wt Hg concentration in breast muscle (mean +/- SE) Female Adult 10/group 1, 5 ppm Hg; both doses given with and w/out 5 ppm DDE TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Teratogenic effects of external egg applications of methyl mercury in the mallard, Anas platyrynchos

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and John M. Moore
Pages
453-462
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE increased @ 1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg % abnormal survivors by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group 0,0.3,1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg TOX-REPRO - development single application to shell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 27, 90 ug Hg embryo crown to rump length by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group 0,0.3,1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg TOX-REPRO - development single application to shell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 9, 27, 90 ug Hg % survival by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group 0,0.3,1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success single application to shell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Genetic response of mallards to toxic effects of methyl mercuric chloride

Author(s)
Prince, H.H.
Pages
31-40
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased hatchability versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 29 pairs 8 mg Hg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 2 doses @ 2 wk interval (eggs collected beginning after 1st dose) oral (capsule) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Prolonged retention of methyl mercury by mallard drakes

Author(s)
Stickel, L.F., W.H. Stickel, M.A.R. McLane, and M. Bruns
Pages
393-400
Year
Issue
4
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE see figure and table figure and table showing decline of Hg in carcass, liver, and kidney over time Male Adult 3-5 birds/group 8 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE 9.10 (whole body), 4.46 (carcass), 16.5 (liver), 17.6 (kidney) ppm, wet wt mean Hg concentrations after 2 wk exposure Male Adult 3-5 birds/group 8 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and loss in mallard eggs

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
775-778
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENOMETHIONINE 13-20 ppm, wet wt mean Se concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 birds 15 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 20 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-DL-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., David J. Hoffman and Leonard J. LeCaptain
Pages
93-99
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast, or 15 ppm as wheat food consumption compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast body weight compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-L-met survival rate compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-MORT - dose-response data 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE 11-12 (@ 15 ppm as Se-met or wheat), 6.2 (@ 15 ppm as yeast), 19-20 (@ 30 ppm as Se-met or wheat), 9.9 (@ 30 ppm as yeast) ppm, wet wt mean concentrations of Se in livers Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm (as Se-met or yeast) food consumption compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm (as Se-met or yeast) body weights compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect survival rate compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast) TOX-MORT - dose-response data 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE 25-27 (@ 30 ppm as Se-L-met or Se-DL-met), 13 (@ 30 ppm as yeast) ppm, wet wt mean Se concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz and Alexander J. Krynitsky
Pages
263-271
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10,20,40 ppm incidence of altered hepatic glutathione metabolism versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 10,20,40 ppm incidence of altered hepatic glutathione metabolism versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 20, 40 ppm hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 40 ppm hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 20, 40 ppm hepatic protein concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 20, 40 ppm hepatic protein concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased to 4.8 (@ 10 ppm), 26.0 (@ 20 ppm), 68.0 (@ 40 ppm) ppm, wet wt Se concentrations in livers after 6 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM increased to 0.4 (@ 0 ppm), 5.0 (@ 10 ppm), 3.2 (@ 20 ppm), 2.8 (@ 40 ppm) ppm, wet wt Se concentrations in livers after 6 wks of treatment versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 40 ppm (25%) mortality compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-MORT - dose-response data 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 40 ppm (12.5%) mortality compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group 0,10,20,40 ppm diet TOX-MORT - dose-response data 6 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of selenium in the diet of mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
477-490
Year
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 25 ppm (selenite), 10 ppm (selenomethionine) hatchability compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5-11 pairs/group 0.2, 1, 5, 10, 25 ppm diet (as selenite); 10 ppm diet (as selenomethionine) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR (at least 6 wks) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 8, 16 ppm hatchability compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5-11 pairs/group 0.2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ppm diet (as selenomethionine) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR (at least 6 wks) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10,25 ppm (as selenite), 10 ppm (as selenomethionine) number of embryos showing malformations or embryotoxicity compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 5-11 pairs/group 0.2, 1, 5, 10, 25 ppm diet (as selenite); 10 ppm diet (as selenomethionine) TOX-REPRO - development NR (at least 6 wks) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 8, 16 ppm incidence of malformed embyros compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 5-11 pairs/group 0.2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ppm diet (as selenomethionine) TOX-REPRO - development NR (at least 6 wks) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 25 ppm plasma uric acid concentration in hatchlings versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 5-11 pairs/group 0.2, 1, 5, 10, 25 ppm diet (as selenite); 10 ppm diet (as selenomethionine) TOX-REPRO - development NR (at least 6 wks) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 5, 10, 25 ppm (as selenite), 10 ppm (as selenomethionine) plasma glutathione peroxidase activity in hatchlings compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5-11 pairs/group 0.2, 1, 5, 10, 25 ppm diet (as selenite); 10 ppm diet (as selenomethionine) TOX-REPRO - development NR (at least 6 wks) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sublethal effects of cadmium ingestion on mallard ducks

Author(s)
Di Giulio, Richard T. and Patrick F. Scanlon
Pages
765-771
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM CHLORIDE decreased @ 450 ppm body and liver weights compared to controls Not Reported Adult 12 birds/group 0,50,150,450 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 42 (+/-1) d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 150, 450 ppm kidney and adrenal weights compared to controls Not Reported Adult 12 birds/group 0,50,150,450 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 42 (+/-1) d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 450 ppm plasma uric acid, adrenal corticosterone levels Not Reported Adult 12 birds/group 0,50,150,450 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 42 (+/-1) d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect food consumption compared to controls Not Reported Adult 12 birds/group 0,50,150,450 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 42 (+/-1) d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE decreased @ 450 ppm liver aldolase activity, plasma triiodothyronine levels Not Reported Adult 12 birds/group 0,50,150,450 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 42 (+/-1) d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W., Lou Sileo, J. Christian Franson and John Moore
Pages
286-297
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM CHLORIDE decreased @ 20 ppm packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration by 8 wks of treatment compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile day old 12 birds per timexdose treatment 0,5,10,20 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4,8,12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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