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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
EPN decreased @ 36 (cholineserase only), 108 ug/g plasma alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase activities, and uric acid Not Reported Embryo 12/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ 12, 36, 108 ug/g embryo weight and length, % normal survivors versus controls Not Reported Embryo 12/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-REPRO - development single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ 12 ug/g (48%), 36 ug/g (29%), 108 ug/g (0%) % surviving to hatch versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 12/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-MORT - dose-response data single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g plasma cholinesterase activity, hemoglobin and uric acid content Not Reported Hatchling 12/group 0,12,36,108 ug/g egg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Tissue-specific bioenergetic effects and increased enzymatic activities following acute sublethal peroral exposure to cyanide in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Ma, Juntao and Chris A. Pritsos
Pages
297-302
Year
Volume
142
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CYANIDE decreased @ all doses ATP levels in liver and brain tissues versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment 0,0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0 mg/kg bw (as KCN) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CYANIDE no effect ATP levels in heart versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment 0,0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0 mg/kg bw (as KCN) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CYANIDE increased rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activities in brain versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment 0,1.0 mg/kg bw (as KCN) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CYANIDE no effect rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activities in liver and heart versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment 0,1.0 mg/kg bw (as KCN) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biochemical assessment of cyanide-induced toxicity in migratory birds from gold mining hazardous waste ponds

Author(s)
Pritsos, Chris A. and Juntao Ma
Pages
203-209
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CYANIDE increased @ 1, 2 mg/kg bw serum creatine kinase activity versus controls Female Adult at least 5 determinations/group 0,1,2 mg/kg bw (as KCN) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CYANIDE decreased @ 0.5,1,2 mg/kg bw respiratory control ratios in heart, liver and brain versus controls Female Adult at least 5 determinations/group 0,0.5,1,2 mg/kg bw (as KCN) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
261-269
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight and food consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) no effect incidence of lead poisoning tissue lesions versus controls Both Male and Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 112.27 (+/- 44.27); lead-iron: 32.65 (+/- 16.58) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in bone (mean +/- SE) Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 10.22 (+/- 1.46); lead-iron: 3.38 (+/- 0.56) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in bone (mean +/- SE) Male Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 0.71 (+/- 0.25); lead-iron: 0.31 (+/- 0.06) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in blood (mean +/- SE) Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 0.49 (+/-0.10); lead-iron: 0.23 (+/- 0.04) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in blood (mean +/- SE) Male Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 3.53 (+/- 1.43); lead-iron: 1.42 (+/- 0.65) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in kidneys (mean +/- SE) Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 1.02 (+/- 0.22); lead-iron: 0.75 (+/- 0.10) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in kidneys (mean +/- SE) Male Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 1.15 (+/- 0.29); lead-iron: 0.32 (+/- 0.05) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in liver (mean +/- SE) Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 0.58 (+/- 0.19); lead-iron: 0.25 (+/- 0.02) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in liver (mean +/- SE) Male Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) decreased with increasing lead in bone number of eggs laid Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) increased with lead shot (egg contents: 0.50 +/-0.06; egg shell: 2.80 +/-0.25 ppm, wet wt) and lead-iron shot (egg shell: 1.42 +/-0.26 ppm, wet wt) lead in egg contents and shell (mean +/- SE) versus controls Female Adult control=10 eggs; treatment=20 eggs 0, 1 #four lead shot, or 1 #four iron-lead shot (47.5% lead) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of industrial effluents, heavy metals, and organic solvents on mallard embryo development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
35-40
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD NITRATE decreased @ 3,000, 30,000 ppm, incubation day 3 exposure embyronic length and weight by incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 300, 3,000, 30,000 ppm lead in solution TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion in solution Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ all doses embryo length or weight by incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 50, 500, 5,000 ppm mercury in solution TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion in solution Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 5,000 ppm, incub. day 3 exposure embryo survival through day 18 of incubation and % of survivors that were normal versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 50, 500, 5,000 ppm mercury in solution TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion in solution Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS decreased @ 0.5, 5 ul/egg on incubation day 3 or 8 embryo survival to day 18 of incubation and % of survivors that were normal versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 0.5, 5 ul RDCO oil/egg TOX-REPRO - development single topical application Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS decreased @ 0.5 ul/egg, incubation day 3 or 8 exposure embyronic length and weight by incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 0.5, 5 ul RDCO oil/egg TOX-REPRO - development single topical application Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS decreased @ 2% emulsion, incubation day 8 exposure embryo survival through day 18 of incubation versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 0.2%, 2% aqueous spray oil emulsion TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACETONE decreased @ 100% solution, incubation days 3 or 8 exposure embryo weight and length by incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 10%, 100% solution TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACETONE decreased @ 100% solution, incubation days 3 or 8 exposure embryo survival through incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 10%, 100% solution TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 0 survival @ 100% solution, incubation days 3 or 8 exposure embryo survival through incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 10%, 100% solution TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
XYLENE no effect embryo survival, size, and incidence of abnormalities through incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group 0, 1%, 10% solution TOX-REPRO - development single 30 second exposure egg immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
929-937
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD NITRATE decreased @ 25 ppm/3 wks, 5 ppm/12 wks delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in blood versus controls Male Adult 20/dose; 5/dose x time group 0, 1, 5, 25 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 3, 6, 9, or 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD NITRATE increased @ 25 ppm/3wks accumulation in livers and kidneys versus controls Male Adult 20/dose; 5/dose x time group 0, 1, 5, 25 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 3, 6, 9, or 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD NITRATE increased @ 5 ppm diet (66 +/-13 ppm blood) and @ 25 ppm diet (154 +/-28 ppm blood) lead concentration in blood after 12 weeks exposure (mean +/- SE) versus controls Male Adult 20/dose; 5/dose x time group 0, 1, 5, 25 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 3, 6, 9, or 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD NITRATE no effect body weight and food consumption versus controls Male Adult 20/group 0, 1, 5, 25 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 3, 6, 9, or 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Carlson, Brent L. and Svend W. Nielsen
Pages
276-282
Year
Issue
1
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD (elemental) increased in all groups dosed with lead shot incidence of clinical signs, weight loss, breast muscle atrophy Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group control = 5 0, 4 #four lead shot; combined with commerical feed, Ca- supplemented corn diet, or corn only diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) increased with Pb/corn+Ca (50%), and Pb/corn only (100%) % mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group control = 5 0, 4 #four lead shot; combined with commerical feed, Ca- supplemented corn diet, or corn only diet TOX-MORT - dose-response data single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) decreased in Pb/commerical (hemoglobin only), Pb/corn+Ca, and Pb/corn only red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration versus controls Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group control = 5 0, 4 #four lead shot; combined with commerical feed, Ca-supplemented corn diet, or corn only diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) increased with Pb/corn + Ca, Pb/corn only blood protoporphyrin concentrations versus controls Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group control = 5 0, 4 #four lead shot; combined with commerical feed, Ca-supplemented corn diet, or corn only diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
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