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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIAZINON 74 (day 3), 79 (day 8) lb/acre LC50 LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group 1.5, 15 lb/acre simulated, aqueous TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION decreased @ 7.5 lb/acre (aqueous); 0.08, 0.8 lb/acre (oil) crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0.75, 7.5 lb/acre simulated, aqueous; 0, 1.4, 14.0 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-REPRO - development single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION decreased @ 125 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group 12.5, 125 lb/acre simulated, aqueous TOX-REPRO - development single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIAZINON decreased @ 2.0 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0, 0.2, 2.0 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-REPRO - development single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 49.5 lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0, 1.4, 14.0 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIAZINON 9.7 (day 3), 11.1 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0, 0.2, 2.0 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 2.2 (day 3), 1.5 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0, 0.08, 0.8 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIAZINON decreased @ 15 (aqueous), 2.0 (oil) lb/acre embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0, 1.5, 15.0 lb/acre simulated, aqueous; 0, 0.2, 2.0 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-REPRO - development single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION decreased @ 125 (aqueous), 14.0 (oil) lb/acre embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0, 12.5, 125 lb/acre simulated, aqueous; 0, 1.4, 14.0 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-REPRO - development single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIAZINON, MALATHION, PARATHION decreased @ all doses brain or plasma cholinesterase activity in embryos or hatchlings compared to controls Not Reported Embryo, Hatchling 12/group 125 (malathion), 15 (diazinon), 7.5 (parathion) lb/acre simulated, aqueous; 14 (malathion), 2 (diazinon), 0.8 (parathion) lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James and Steven P. Bradbury
Pages
885-897
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ACEPHATE 51.7% (4.82 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 350 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS 42.8% (5.4 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 2.4 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FENSULFOTHION 48.9% (7.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 0.75 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FONOFOS 67.1% (4.9 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 14 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 67% (11.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 650 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 74.6% (12.4 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 1.75 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 4/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 1.75 mg/kg bw TOX-MORT - dose-response data single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 7/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 650 mg/kg bw TOX-MORT - dose-response data single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACEPHATE 11/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose 0, 350 mg/kg bw TOX-MORT - dose-response data single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: Effect of leptophos

Author(s)
Herin, R.A., A.A. Komeil, Doyle G. Graham, A. Curley and M.B. Abou-Donia
Pages
233-240
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 260 ppm body weight growth compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group 0, 260 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 3 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS 5/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of ataxia Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group 0, 260 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 3 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS 4/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of CNS lesions Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group 0, 260 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 3 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Peter H. Albers
Pages
15-27
Year
Volume
13
Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
see citation tables LD50s for 42 compounds in aqueous and oil vehicles Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group see citation for doses of 42 compounds TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single eggshell surface application Toxicity Factor Datasets
see citation tables incidence of reduced growth and abnormal survivors for 42 compounds Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group see citation for doses of 42 compounds TOX-REPRO - development single eggshell surface application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Subchronic organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Louis Sileo and Helen C. Murray
Pages
128-136
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
EPN decreased @ 90, 270 ppm food consumption and body weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN increased @ all doses incidence of hyperactivity, ataxia, and/or paralysis compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN increased @ 30, 90, 270 ppm incidence of CNS lesions (demyelination, axonal degeneration in spinal cord) compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ all doses activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
EPN decreased @ 90, 270 pmm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 10, 30, 90, 270 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 270, 540 ppm body weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS increased @ all doses incidence of CNS lesions (demyelination, axonal degeneration in spinal cord) compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 270 ppm brain weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ all doses activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 60, 270 ppm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group 0, 60, 270, 540 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some evidence for an effect of ingested petroleum on the fertility of the mallard drake (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Holmes, W.N. and K.P. Cavanaugh
Pages
898-901
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control Female Adult 3 pairs/dose 0 or 3 ml S. Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry wt. food TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 100 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of plumage contamination with crude oil dispersant mixtures on thermoregulation in common eiders and mallards

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro and Morten Ekker
Pages
398-403
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS increase metabolic heat production (watts/kg), compared to pre-contamination levels Not Reported Adult 3/dose 0.1 or 0.4 ml Statfjord crude oil with Finasol OSR-5 or OSR-12 dispersant/L water TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 1 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of ingested crude oil on thryoid hormones and on the mixed function oxidase system in ducks

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Morten Ekker and Kolbjorn Zahlsen
Pages
213-216
Year
Volume
95
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS 53% increase plasma triiodothryonine concentration Not Reported Adult 5/dose control or 5 ml Statfjord crude oil/kg/d TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS 56% increase hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Adult 5/dose control or 5 ml Statfjord crude oil/kg/d TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight Not Reported Adult 5/dose control or 5 ml Statfjord crude oil/kg/d TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of an environmental contaminant, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, on the blood pressure of the mallard

Author(s)
Jones, Ross E., Kathy S. Howell and Robert K. Ringer
Pages
314-320
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE decrease mean blood pressure, compared to baseline prior to exposure Both Male and Female Adult 12 1500 mg/kg TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
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