Species
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Citation:
Author(s)
Best, Troy L., Barbara Hoditschek and Howard H. Thomas
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
grasses (81.6%); persimmon (3.7%); unidentified seeds (5.2%); other plant material (44.9%); grasshoppers (11.8%); beetles (12.5%); chicken (2.2%); other birds (3.7%); cottontail (13.9%); pocket gopher (5.9%); cotton rat (14.7%); wood rat (2.2%); pine vole (2.2%); coyote (28.7%); cattle (33.8%) |
% frequency of occurrence in stomach contents |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Cleveland, Grady and McClain Counties |
136 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Bounds, Dixie L. and William W. Shaw
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
15.7 |
overall annual home range estimated using the minimum convex polygon method |
4.2 SE |
2.1 - 47.7 |
km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Saguaro National Park, Pima County (elev., 800-1300m) |
9 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
leporids (66.5%); rodents (21.5%); livestock (17.8%); coyote (2.1%); birds (17.8%); reptiles (5.4%); insects (18.6%); fruit (4.5%); other (2.1%); refuse (5.8%) |
% frequency of occurrence in stomach contents estimated over 6 yrs |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Naval Petroleum Reserves, Bakersfield (elev., 88-473m) |
242 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.87 |
mean annual survival rate |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
52 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.52 |
mean annual survival rate |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
16 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
0.29 |
pre-whelping density |
|
#/km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
3.2 |
|
|
pups/litter |
Female |
Adult |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
16 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Migration or Dispersal |
Oct. - Jan. |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
13 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
|
range across 4 yrs and 4 habitat types |
5.7 - 16.4 |
km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
4 - 16/sample |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
see citation |
figure of seasonal changes in diet based on scat analysis; mean % volume of food items |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310 - 1740 m) |
3270 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
11.3 |
mean annual home range of resident coyotes |
5.8 SD |
2.8 - 32.0 |
km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
56 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
106.5 |
mean annual home range of transient coyotes |
27.7 SD |
60.9 - 185.3 |
km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) |
16 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
10 |
|
0.04 SE |
kg |
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
captured in Maricopa County, AZ |
18 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
0.0015 |
basal metabolic rate at 22-26C estimated via oxygen consumption |
|
watts/g |
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
captured in Maricopa County, AZ |
3 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Harrison, Daniel J. and Joyce A. Harrison
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
blueberries (68%); white-tailed deer (43%); snowshoe hare (30%); small mammals (21%); birds (2%) |
% occurrence of food items in scats |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
452 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
24.25 |
18.0 - 27.5 |
lbs |
Male |
Adult |
Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) |
28 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
21.5 |
17.0 - 26.5 |
lbs |
Female |
Adult |
Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) |
26 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
|
7 - 22 |
lbs |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) |
47 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
mule deer (35.2%); cattle (11.5%); sheep (3.7%); coyote (2.9%); Microtus sp. (47.7%); Thomomys sp. (6.8%); Lepus americanus (4.4%); Marmota flaviventris (3.9%); Citellus lateralis (3.9%); Erethizon dorsatum (3.7%); song birds (3.7%); other insects (4.7%); pine and fir needles (19%); grass (17.6%); other vegetable matter (8.7%) |
% of scats containing food item |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee |
384 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
mule deer (8.7%); cattle (4.4%); sheep (17.4%); coyote (8.7%); Microtus sp. (56.5%); Eutamias (13%); Thomomys sp. (8.7%); Marmota flaviventris (4.4%); Citellus beldingi (4.4%); Erethizon dorsatum (8.7%); song birds (21.7%); grasshoppers (13.0%); other insects (34.8%); pine and fir needles (30.4%); grass (56.5%); other vegetable matter (13.2%) |
% of scats containing food item |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee |
23 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Holzman, Stephen, Michael J. Conroy and John Pickering
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
10.1 |
overall home range estimated by minimum convex method (95% probability) |
6.9 (95% CI) |
km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
McRae and Irwin Counties |
12 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Huegel, Craig N. and Orrin J. Rongstad
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Food Ingestion Rate |
% body weight/d based on a deer and snowshoe hare diet |
5.2 - 13.1 |
%/d |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Chequamegon National Forest |
3 animals/ 1-2 time periods |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Kennedy, Michael L., Jeffrey G. Babb, Robert M. Lee and Charles Lydeard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutch or Litter Size |
5.0 |
estimated by placental scars |
1 - 12 |
young/litter |
Female |
Adult |
59 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Laundre, John W. and Barry L. Keller
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
review |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Lewis, Thomas L., William F. Jensen, Kay A. Keehr and Robert W. Seabloom
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
mammals (80%; deer 45.4%, rabbits 23.7%); birds (2.0%); reptiles (0.7%); insects (10.5%); vegetation (46.7%) |
% of scats containing food item |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Billings County |
152 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
68.7 |
minimum area home range |
89.1 SD |
4.9 - 233.0 |
km2 |
Female |
Adult |
Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge |
6 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
31.3 |
minimum area home range |
42.5 SD |
4.0 - 106.2 |
km2 |
Male |
Adult |
Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge |
5 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
39.9 |
minimum area home range |
27.6 SD |
12.3 - 76.2 |
km2 |
Female |
Juvenile |
Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge |
4 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
1.0 |
minimum area home range |
0.7 SD |
0.5 - 2.0 |
km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge |
4 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
rodents (53%); fruits and seeds (32%); deer (20%); insects (19%); avian (19%); lagomorphs (11%); armadillo (9%); cattle (6%); reptile (4%) |
overall % occurrence in scats |
|
|
% |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge |
361 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
mammals (28.9%; cottontail rabbit, 12.1%, Botta's pocket gopher, 6.8%); birds (15.9%); vegetation (21.7%); misc. (16.7%) |
% frequency of occurrence of items in scats |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
El Cajon, near San Diego |
97 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
Mammals: Sylvilagus sp. (50.6 - 73.1%); Lepus sp. (0 - 5.0%); Neotoma (0 - 5.5%); Microtus (0-11.1%); Cricetid mice (1.2-8.9%); Bos taurus (1.9 - 7.9%); Odocoileus hemionus (3.6 - 15.5%) |
range of % relative dry weight of major food items (>5%) measured at 3 sites, based on scat analysis |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Montezuma, La Plata and Saguache Counties |
42 - 48/ site |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Manville, Richard H.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
15 |
maximum lifespan |
yrs |
Male |
Adult |
1 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
mesquite pods (29%); prickly pear fruit (16%); other plants(24%); rodent (28%); lagomorph (22%); mule deer (3%); other mammals (3%); dog food or human-related (35%); misc. (14%) |
annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
suburban area near Saguaro National Monument |
667 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
mesquite pods (39%); prickly pear fruit (21%); other plants(35%); rodent (27%); lagomorph (20%); mule deer (9%); other mammals (4%); dog food or human-related (trace); misc. (16%) |
annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats |
% |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
rural area near Saguaro National Monument |
449 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
snowshoe hare (31.7%); white-tailed deer (24.5%); plants (20.4%); small mammals (14.3%); non-edibles (13.2%); large birds (6.0%); porcupine (4.9%); Canis spp. (2.6%); carrion (1.9%); small birds (1.9%); apple (1.9%); human garbage (1.5%); moose (1.5%); feces (1.1); sheep (1.1%); cattle (0.8%) |
% frequency of occurrence of items identified from stomach contents |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia |
265 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
13.32 |
unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight |
kg |
Male |
Juvenile |
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia |
89 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
16.64 |
unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight |
kg |
Male |
Adult |
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia |
50 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
11.42 |
unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight |
kg |
Female |
Juvenile |
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia |
80 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Bowyer, R. Terry, Sean A. McKenna and Martin E. Shea
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
mammals (53%); vegetation (23%); arthropods (9%); reptiles (1%); birds (1%); misc. (3%) |
% frequency of occurrence in total food items identified in scats |
% |
Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (elev., 1525 m) |
748 items/223 scats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Comment