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Enhydra lutris

Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1.75 1.2-2.5 kg Male Juvenile Amchitka Island 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1.96 1.02-2.83 kg Female Juvenile Amchitka Island 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 28.3 7.98 SD 21.8-38.6 kg Male Adult Amchitka Island 79 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 21.1 6.49 SD 14.5-31.7 kg Female Adult Amchitka Island 254 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 4.04 0.9-7.2 kg/d Female Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition vertebrates (fish; 50%), mollusks (37%), echinoderms (11%), annelid worms (1%), tunicates (<1%), crabs/shrimp (<1%) mean percent of total stomach content volume contributed by dietary items Not Reported Not Reported Amchitka Island 309 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 4 yr Female Juvenile Amchitka Island Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation estimated gestation including delayed implantation period 12-13 mo Female Adult Amchitka Island 275 reproductive tracts Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year annual reproductive rate, based on field count, sex ratio, reproductive tract data 14-15 % Both Male and Female Adult Amchitka Island Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1 litter size as indicated by reproductive tract examination pup Female Adult Amchitka Island 278 reproductive tracts Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality annual mortality over two years estimated from carcass searches on beaches 8-11 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Amchitka Island 1 population (1076 otters) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Maternal behavior in the California sea otter

Author(s)
Sandegren, Finn E., Ellen W. Chu and Judson E. Vandevere
Pages
668-679
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition December to February peak period of birth Female Adult Point Lobos State Reserve to Lucia Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis

Citation:

Effect of altitude on oxygen consumption of deer mice: relation of temperature and season

Author(s)
Hock, Raymond J. and Jane C. Roberts
Pages
365-376
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 3.68 oxygen consumption at 20C 0.272 SE ml O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported captured at White Mountain Research Station or Salton Sea, CA 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 2.68 oxygen consumption at 32C 0.349 SE ml O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported captured at White Mountain Research Station or Salton Sea, CA 9 Exposure Factor Datasets

Pelecanus occidentalis

Citation:

The gaseous metabolism of large wild birds under aviary life

Author(s)
Benedict, Francis G., and Edward L. Fox
Pages
511-534
Publisher
American Philosophical Society
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 75 average basal metabolism (heat production) 75-76 cal/kg/d Not Reported Adult 1 bird (3 measurements) Exposure Factor Datasets

Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes, Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus, Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis

Citation:

Clapper Rail

Author(s)
Eddleman, William R. and Courtney J. Conway
Pages
167-179
Publisher
The International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality review Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets

Aechmophorus occidentalis

Citation:

The breeding populations of piscivorous birds of Eagle Lake

Author(s)
Lederer, Roger J.
Pages
771-772
Year
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 2400 annual number of individuals censused birds/lake Both Male and Female Not Reported Eagle Lake, 42 km NW of Susanville 1 lake Exposure Factor Datasets

Zenaida macroura

Citation:

The relationship of the external surface area of birds to skin surface area and body mass

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
185-189
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Surface Area 241 measured area of skin beneath feathers of 649.1 g bird, excluding beak and non-feathered portions of legs cm^2 Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Surface Area 198 measured area of the external plumage surface of 649.1 g bird, excluding beak and non-feathered portions of legs cm^2 Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets

Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 average incubation 26-30 d Not Reported Hatchling Utah Lake, Utah County 16 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1-2 clutches/yr Female Adult Utah Lake, Utah County 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 2-6 eggs/nest Female Adult Utah Lake, Utah County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 36 g Not Reported Hatchling Utah Lake, Utah County 16 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1543 g Not Reported Juvenile Utah Lake, Utah County 13 birds Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis

Citation:

Annual variation in reproduction in snakes in a fluctuating environment

Author(s)
Seigel, R.A. and H.S. Fitch
Pages
497-505
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size minimum and maximum mean annual clutch size 11.27 - 23.38 young/litter Female Adult National History Reservation 158 over 9 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population size and survivorship of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, near the northern limit of its distribution

Author(s)
Larsen, Karl W. and Patrick T. Gregory
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality range of probability of surviving from spring of one year to spring of next year 63 - 73 % Male Adult Wood Buffalo National Park (lat., 59^o49'N; long., 112^oW) 43 - 132/yr for 3 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis

Citation:

The bioenergetics of hibernation in the eastern garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

Author(s)
Costanzo, Jon P.
Pages
682-692
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 0.42 estimated from changes in body composition cal/g/d Both Male and Female Not Reported captured in Portage County, WI 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: Implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing reptiles

Author(s)
Birchard, Geoffrey F., Craig P. Black, Gordon W. Schuett and Virginia Black
Pages
519-523
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 30.3 2.0 SE g Male Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 52.1 4.4 SE g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.059 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.001 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Male Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.054 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.011 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 52.5 1.8 SE g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.065 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.005 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 94.2 10.2 SE g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.095 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.010 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1.66 0.07 SE g Not Reported Neonate captured in Michigan and Ohio 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.119 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.010 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Not Reported Neonate captured in Michigan and Ohio 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
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