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Taricha torosa

Citation:

Taricha tarosa (Rathke), California newt

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Edmund D. Brodie, Jr.
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
273
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Modified interactions between salamander life stages caused by wildfire-induced sedimentation

Author(s)
Kerby, J. Lawrence and Lee B. Kats
Pages
740-745
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of mean larval density estimates over 2 yrs 1.44 - 3.0 # larvae/m2 Both Male and Female Juvenile Cold Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % of stomachs containing prey items over several yrs Not Reported Adult Cold Creek and Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains 17-52 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aggression by non-native crayfish deters breeding in California newts

Author(s)
Gamradt, Seth C., Lee B. Kats and Christopher B. Anzalone
Pages
793-796
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of mean density estimates for six pools without crayfish over two time periods 0.67 - 1.84 #/10m2 Not Reported Adult Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of mean density estimates for six pools with crayfish over two time periods 0 - 0.22 #/10 m2 Not Reported Adult Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1-4 masses of 5-30 eggs #/clutch Female Adult Santa Monica Mountains Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Residues of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarkii) and California newts (Tarichia torosa) from a lake treated with technical chlordane

Author(s)
Albright, L.J., P.C. Oloffs and S.Y Szeto
Pages
333-349
Year
Issue
4
Volume
815
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CHLORDANE 8,906 ppb, range; 4,954 - 15, 609 ppb mean and range of total technical chlordane residues in newt carcasses (without liver and stomach) 14 days after application Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 aerial application; water residues, 4.6 ppb (day 7), 0.29 ppb (day 52), 0.009 ppb (day 421); sediment residues, 35 ppb (day 7), 34 ppb (day 52), 20 ppb (day 1014) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 14 d field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE 2,116 ppb, range; 1,354 - 3,783 ppb mean and range of total technical chlordane residues in newt carcasses (without liver and stomach) 451 days after application Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 6 aerial application; water residues, 4.6 ppb (day 7), 0.29 ppb (day 52), 0.009 ppb (day 421); sediment residues, 35 ppb (day 7), 34 ppb (day 52), 20 ppb (day 1014) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 451 d field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE 176 ppb, range; 29 - 272 ppb mean and range of total technical chlordane residues in newt carcasses (without liver and stomach) 1036 days after application Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 8 aerial application; water residues, 4.6 ppb (day 7), 0.29 ppb (day 52), 0.009 ppb (day 421); sediment residues, 35 ppb (day 7), 34 ppb (day 52), 20 ppb (day 1014) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 1036 d field application Toxicity Factor Datasets

Ensatina eschscholtzii

Citation:

Contribution to the natural history of the Plethodont salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii

Author(s)
Gnaedinger, Leslie McKay and Charles A. Reed
Pages
187-196
Year
Volume
1948
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 0.26 0.05 - 0.49 g Not Reported Juvenile Portland, Multnomah County 23 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1.60 0.70 - 3.28 g Both Male and Female Juvenile Portland, Multnomah County 37 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 4.30 2.58 - 5.08 g Female Adult Portland, Multnomah County 11 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2.80 1.45 - 5.80 g Male Adult Portland, Multnomah County 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Crustacea (1); Arachnida (19); Diplopoda (5); Chilopoda (3); Hexapoda (32) number of each item in stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Portland, Multnomah County 21 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 17.3 average distance moved between recaptures 2.5 - 63.7 ft Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 32.8 average distance moved between recaptures 5.2 - 106.6 ft Male Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park 17 Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density estimated maximum density 170 - 200 #/acre Both Male and Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park 25 Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density estimated maximum density 600 - 700 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 11 # large ovarian eggs/female 8 - 17 #/clutch Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate see citation figure of growth rates based on changes in snout-vent length Both Male and Female Juvenile Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity range of oldest individuals recorded 6 - 8 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 - 4 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition earthworm (1); sowbugs (14); amphipod (1); centipede (1); millipede (4); spiders (6); springtail (1); thysanuran (1); camel crickets (15); lepidopterous larva (1); dipteran (1); beetles (5); ant (1) number of each food item in stomachs # Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park 27 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 6 5 - 7 g Both Male and Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 4 - 5 mo Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying late spring - early summer time of laying Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Oct. - Mar. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition fall - early winter Not Reported Embryo Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition sowbug (1); centipede (1); millipede (6); spiders (7); wood ticks (2); scavenger mite (1); solpugid (1); springtails (5); worker termites (15); hemipteran (1); fly (1); beetles (11); ants (2) number of each food item in stomachs # Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Madelia Canyon 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative studies on the distribution and foods of plethodontid salamanders in the redwood region of northern California

Author(s)
Bury, R.B. and M. Martin
Pages
331-335
Year
Issue
4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Collembola (68%); Coleoptera adults (49%); Coleoptera larvae (11%); Diptera adults (14%); Diptera larvae (16%); Hymenoptera (22%); Acarina (19%); Araneae (57%); Diplopoda (38%); Isopoda (32%) % frequency of major food items % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 1-2 mi WSW of Pepperwood, Humboldt Co. 37 Exposure Factor Datasets

Ambystoma macrodactylum

Citation:

Interaction between introduced trout and larval salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in high-elevation lakes

Author(s)
Tyler, Torrey, William J. Liss, Lisa M. Ganio, Gary L. Larson, Robert Hoffman, Elisabeth Deimling and Gregg Lomnicky
Pages
94-105
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of larval density estimates in 8 fishless lakes utilizing 3 survey methodologies during day and night 0 - 383 larvae/100 m shoreline Both Male and Female Juvenile North Cascades National Park Service Complex Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Benthic macroinvertebrates (75%): Diptera (66.7); Chironomidae (41.7%); Coleoptera (58.3%); Trichoptera (50%); Ephemeroptera (25%); Amphipoda (16.7%); Plecoptera (8.3%); Pelecypoda (8.3%); Crustacean zooplankton (41.7%): Cladocerans (41.7%); Unidentified (41.7%); Imm. Daphnids (25.0%); Daphnia rosea (25%); Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (16.7%); Chydorus spaericus (8.3%); Copepods (16.7%); Cylopoids (16.7%); Calanoids (8.3%); Harpactacoids (8.3%) % larvae stomachs that contained prey item % Not Reported Juvenile North Cascades National Park Service Complex 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Methoxychlor alters hatching and larval startle response in the salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum

Author(s)
Ingermann, R.L., D.C. Bencic and V.P. Eroschenko
Pages
815-821
Year
Volume
59
Chemical Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
Body Weight - Mean 15.4 0.3 SE mg Not Reported Juvenile 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
METHOXYCHLOR no appreciable mortality embryo and larvae (10 d post-hatch) mortality Not Reported Embryo, Juvenile 30-34 eggs/dose 0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 mg/L (DMSO carrier) TOX-MORT - dose-response data 45 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHOXYCHLOR decrease @ 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 mg/L mean day of hatch, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo, Juvenile 30-34 eggs/dose 0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 mg/L (DMSO carrier) TOX-REPRO - development 35 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHOXYCHLOR decrease @ 0.3, 1, 3, 10 mg/l responsiveness to startle and distance travelled post-startle in larvae Not Reported Juvenile 30-34 eggs exposed/dose; 14-27 larvae tested/dose 0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 mg/L (DMSO carrier) TOX-REPRO - behavior 45 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHOXYCHLOR decrease @ 0.3 and 10 mg/L mean body weight of larvae Not Reported Embryo, Juvenile 30-38 eggs/dose 0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 mg/L (DMSO carrier) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 37 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets

Pseudacris regilla, Taricha torosa

Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition see citation figure of mean duration from fertilization to hatching in field enclosures Both Male and Female Embryo Santa Monica Mountains 8 replicates of 150 (frogs) or 16-12 (newts) embryos Exposure Factor Datasets
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OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment