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Gopherus agassizi

Citation:

Field studies of natality in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi

Author(s)
Hampton, Anne M.
Pages
128-138
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 300 #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported Fremont Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foods of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in Arizona and Utah

Author(s)
Hansen, Richard M., Mark K. Johnson and Thomas R. Van Devender
Pages
247-251
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Threeawn (Aristida spp., 22 +/- 6%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 21 +/- 6%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 20 +/- 7%); Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 19 +/- 3%); Red grama (Bouteloua trifida, 6 +/- 3%) and Sedge (Carex spp., 3 +/- 1%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported Lower Grand Canyon, Mohave County (elev. 450 m) 66 fecal pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Threeawn (Aristida spp., 16 +/- 5%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 6 +/- 3%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 50 +/- 8%); Bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri, 17 +/- 7%); and Slender janusia (Janusia gracilis, 11 +/- 5%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported New Water Mountains, Yuma County (elev. 490 m) 18 fecal pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 64 +/- 4%); Redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium, 23 +/- 5%); Common winterfat (Eurotia lanata, 6 +/- 4%) and Vetch (Astragalus and Oxytropis, 4 +/- 2%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County (elev. 1000 m) 30 fecal pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal and annual energy budgets of female desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Henen, Brian T.
Pages
283-296
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1578 annual, time-weighted body mass 244 SD g Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 32.9 egg weight 5.1 SD g Not Reported Embryo Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 6.13 % lipid content of fresh egg mass % Not Reported Embryo Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.56 estimated by x-raying females 1.94 SD eggs/female Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate range of mean field metabolic rates, estimated using doubly labeled water 4.38 - 50.45 kJ/d Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accelerated growth rate and early maturity in Gopherus agassizi (Reptilia: Testudines)

Author(s)
Jackson, Crawford G., Jr., John A. Trotter, Thomas H. Trotter and Mary W. Trotter
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.00049(CL)^2.795 Body Weight (BW;150 - 1500 g) and carapace length (CL; 100-300 mm) relationship g Not Reported 7 data points, each based on the average of 4 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 413 25.3 SE 371-485 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1128 57.6 SE 968-1243 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1452 99.4 SE 1156-1580 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 715 597-775 g/yr Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 324 188-387 g/yr Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Gopherus agassizi longevity

Author(s)
Jennings, Mark A.
Pages
81-82
Year
Issue
3
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 52 yr Male Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Incubation temperature affects sexual differentiation, incubation time, and posthatching surivival in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi)

Author(s)
Lewis-Winokur, Vanessa and Robert M. Winokur
Pages
2091-2097
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 124.7 (25C); 103.8 (27C); 87.1 (28C); 84.2 (29C); 78.2 (31C) mean incubation times at various temperatures (25-31C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-37 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 53% (25C); 89% (27C); 83% (28C); 100% (29C); 85% (31C) hatching success rates at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 13-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 20% (25C); 33% (27C); 81% (28C); 84% (29C); 73% (31C) % survival from hatching to >277 d post-hatch at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 18-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) in Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A., R. Bruce Bury and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
639-643
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 9.1 average annual growth rate estimated from plastron length 0.4 SE 4.3 - 14.4 mm/yr Both Male and Female Rock Valley, Nye County 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000258(PL)^2.98 Body weight (BW; 30-3000g) to plastron length (PL; 30-300 mm) relationship g Both Male and Female Not Reported Rock Valley, Nye County 83 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impact of military activities on the desert tortoise at the Mojave "B" ranges

Author(s)
Nicholson, Lori, Michael J. O'Farrell and John F. Westermeier
Pages
109-112
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 0-10 #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported China Lake Naval Weapons Center Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecological energetics of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii): Effects of rainfall and drought

Author(s)
Peterson, Charles C.
Pages
1831-1844
Year
Issue
6
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of seasonal changes in metabolic rates L CO2/kg/d Male Adult Desert Tortoise Natural Area, California City (elev. 869-945 m) [lat., 35^o10'N, long., 118^o10'W] and Ivanpah Valley (elev., 866-914 m) [35^o39'N, 115^o15' W] 6-11 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive cycle of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
Rostal, David C., Valentine A. Lance, Janice S. Grumbles and Allison C. Alberts
Pages
72-82
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr.-May and Aug.-Nov. Both Male and Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting May-July Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Apr. Both Male and Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.68 eggs/female 0.3 SE 2-7 eggs/female Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1-2 clutches/yr Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise population of the Beaver Dam Slope in northwestern Arizona

Author(s)
Sheppard, George Pat
Pages
25-47
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 16 - 30 #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of incubation conditions on sex determination, hatching success, and growth of hatchling desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii

Author(s)
Spotila, James R., Linda C. Zimmerman, Christopher A. Binckley, Janice S. Grumbles, David C. Rostal, Albert List Jr., Eva C. Beyer, Kelly M. Phillips and Stanley J. Kemp
Pages
103-116
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 125 (26C); 89 (28.1C); 72 (30.6C); 68 (32.8C); 73 (33C); 85 (35.3C) incubation time at various temperatures (26-35.3C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-29 Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 50% (26C); 96% (28.1C); 93% (30.6C); 90% (33C); 29% (35.3C) hatching success at various temperatures (26-35.3C) Not Reported Embryo 10-29 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range estimated from figure 15 - 30 g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean egg mass 20 - 40 g Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A comparison of populations of desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in grazed and ungrazed areas in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
139-162
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 22 2.9 - 88.6 ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] 55 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1840-3820 g Both Male and Female Not Reported Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] 24 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean clutch size 3.0-4.6 eggs/clutch Female Not Reported Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] 7-15 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 15-27 #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles western Mojave desert, Fremont Peak 2 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 4.8 annual mortality rate for subadults and adults between 1973 and 1985 %/yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles western Mojave desert, Fremont Peak Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals 64-155 #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles western Mojave desert, Kramer Hills 2 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
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