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Pituophis catenifer

Citation:

Food habits, consumption rates, and predation rates of western rattlesnakes and gopher snakes in southwestern Utah

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Donald R. Johnson
Pages
228-233
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Townsend ground squirrel (8.7%); Mountain conttontail (7.8%); Deer mouse (47.5%); Ord kangaroo rat (4.9%); Great Basin pocket mouse (5.8%); Montane vole (9.7%); House mouse (7.8%); Other species (7.8%) % frequency of prey ingested based on stomach content and scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID 103 items/405 captures Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Townsend ground squirrel (27.7%); Mountain conttontail (31.6%); Deer mouse (19.0%); Ord kangaroo rat (5.4%); Great Basin pocket mouse (1.8%); Montane vole (6.1%); House mouse (2.8%); Other species (5.5%) % biomass of prey ingested based on stomach content and scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID 103 items/405 captures Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1.2 mean density in 9 habitat types 0.6 SD 0.1 - 1.9 #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Snake Rive Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 1.6 % body weight consumed per day 0.82 SD % Not Reported Not Reported captive in outdoor enclosures at Snake River Birds of Prey Area 43 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.5 3 - 19 eggs/clutch Female Adult "west coast" 33 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A study of snake populations in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, H.S.
Pages
552-559
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Ground squirrel (44.3%); Woodrat (29.5%); Cottontail (19.7%); Quail egg (8.4%); Pocket gopher (6.4%); Mouse (4.4%); Meadow mouse (3.4%); Fence lizard (1.5%); Kangaroo rat (1.3%); Pocket mouse (0.6%); Broad-shouldered lizard (0.4%) % of total food items recovered from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range 72 food items Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 460 median distance traveled between recaptures 0 - 1000 ft Both Male and Female Adult San Joaquin Experimental Range 25 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ventilation, gas exchange and blood gases in the snake, Pituophis melanoleucus

Author(s)
Stinner, Jerry N
Pages
279-298
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate log VO2 = 0.013 + 0.049T equation for oxygen consumption (logarithm of VO2; ul O2/g-h) as a function of body temperature (15-30C) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult captured at Riverside, CA 11 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 655 513 - 950 g Not Reported Adult captured at Riverside, CA 11 Exposure Factor Datasets
Inhalation Rate 363 (15C); 508 (20C); 709 (25C); 999 (30C) ventilation volume [ml (BTPS)/kg/hr) measured at 15-30 C ml/kg/hr Not Reported Adult captured at Riverside, CA 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 5.6 (15C); 9.8 (20C); 17.3 (25C); 30.4 (30C) oxygen consumption rates measured at body temperatures of 15-30C ml O2/kg/hr Not Reported Adult captured at Riverside, CA 4/temp Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Developmental effects of incubation temperature on hatchling pine snakes Pituophis melanoleucus

Author(s)
Burger, Joanna, Robert T. Zappalorti and Michael Gochfeld
Pages
727-732
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.8 eggs/clutch Female Adult 38 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 33.5 6 SE g Both Male and Female Juvenile 68 Exposure Factor Datasets

Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. Not Reported Hatchling Thousand Palms Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.0003 - .145 g/d Not Reported Hatchling Thousand Palms 5 - 52/sampling time Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis

Citation:

Annual variation in reproduction in snakes in a fluctuating environment

Author(s)
Seigel, R.A. and H.S. Fitch
Pages
497-505
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size minimum and maximum mean annual clutch size 11.27 - 23.38 young/litter Female Adult National History Reservation 158 over 9 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population size and survivorship of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, near the northern limit of its distribution

Author(s)
Larsen, Karl W. and Patrick T. Gregory
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality range of probability of surviving from spring of one year to spring of next year 63 - 73 % Male Adult Wood Buffalo National Park (lat., 59^o49'N; long., 112^oW) 43 - 132/yr for 3 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis

Citation:

The bioenergetics of hibernation in the eastern garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

Author(s)
Costanzo, Jon P.
Pages
682-692
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 0.42 estimated from changes in body composition cal/g/d Both Male and Female Not Reported captured in Portage County, WI 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: Implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing reptiles

Author(s)
Birchard, Geoffrey F., Craig P. Black, Gordon W. Schuett and Virginia Black
Pages
519-523
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 30.3 2.0 SE g Male Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 52.1 4.4 SE g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.059 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.001 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Male Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.054 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.011 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 52.5 1.8 SE g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.065 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.005 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 94.2 10.2 SE g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.095 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.010 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult captured in Michigan and Ohio 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1.66 0.07 SE g Not Reported Neonate captured in Michigan and Ohio 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.119 resting oxygen consumption at 25C 0.010 SE cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Not Reported Neonate captured in Michigan and Ohio 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some aspects of the ecology of the eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) in a semi-disturbed habitat in west-central Illinois

Author(s)
Blaesing, Mark E.
Pages
177-181
Year
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 18.7 #/ha Not Reported Not Reported McDonough County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis

Citation:

Seasonal changes in the body composition of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) at northern latitudes

Author(s)
Aleksiuk, Michael and Kenneth W. Stewart
Pages
484-490
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov. - Apr. Not Reported Not Reported Winnepeg, Manitoba Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Winnepeg, Manitoba Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly mean weights 17.8 - 48.7 g Both Male and Female Adult Winnepeg, Manitoba 10-16/mo Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) % ether-extractable lipids of total body weight (wet wt) 1.5 - 7.1 % Both Male and Female Adult Winnepeg, Manitoba 10-16/mo Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. concinnus

Citation:

Some observations on the natural history of two Oregon garter snakes (Genus Thamnophis)

Author(s)
Stewart, Glenn R.
Pages
71-86
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Apr. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Willamette Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition late July - early Sept. Both Male and Female Embryo Willamette Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 90 d Female Adult Willamette Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Male Adult Willamette Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 yr Female Adult Willamette Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 determined by palpation 5 - 23 young/litter Female Adult Willamette Valley 18 Exposure Factor Datasets

Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. infernalis

Citation:

Diet and growth in juveniles of the garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis infernalis and Thamnophis radix radix

Author(s)
Scudder, Roy M. and Gordon M. Burghardt
Pages
74-85
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate increase in body mass on earthworm or mosquitofish diets 0.017 - 0.025 g/d Not Reported Juvenile captive-born to female from Humboldt County 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
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