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| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | estimated fledgling production among 4 colonies | 24/88 to 104/112 | fledglings/breeding pairs | Not Reported | Fledgling | Aransas and San Patricio Counties | 26-140 pairs/colony | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Tox Exposure | Toxicity Endpoint Type | Tox Exposure Duration | Tox Exposure Technique | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1.73 | mean clutch size | 1-3 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge | 396 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
| DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 7% decrease | eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge | 20 eggs | 0.48 ug/g, wet wt, DDE; 1.08 ug/g, wet wt, PCBs in eggs | TOX-REPRO - physiology | NR | site contamination | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 0.79-1.31 | mean hatching success during two years of study | eggs hatched/nest | Not Reported | Chick | Sandy Point, West Haven | 545-606 nests per study year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | June 16, June 30, July 1 | mean nest-initiation dates over 3 years of study | Both Male and Female | Adult | Yellowstone River | 6-17 nests/study year | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.1-2.7 | range of clutch means over 3 years of study | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Yellowstone River | 6-18 clutches/study year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 0.1-1.4 | range of mean fledging success over 3 study years | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Juvenile | Yellowstone River | 6-18 nests/study year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May to Aug | beginning to end of nesting period | Both Male and Female | Adult | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | 1 colony | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Population Density | 40 | density of nests at one colony | nests/1400 m^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | 1 colony | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of average clutch sizes, 2 years | 1.38-2.1 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | 16-58 nests/year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 17/32 to 33/33 | range of numbers of clutches lost of total numbers of clutches in a colony | Not Reported | Chick, Embryo | coast | 7 colonies, 8 years | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years | 0.4-1.7 | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | Venice (beach) | 35-165 pairs/year | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years | 0.45-0.94 | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | statewide | 775-1,264 pairs/year | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 2 | earliest age at which adults were known to breed for the first time | yr | Not Reported | Adult | Venice (beach) | 186 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Longevity | 13 | age of oldest banded breeding birds | yr | Not Reported | Adult | Venice (beach) | 40-105 birds/year | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.88 | overall survival rate for adults that have returned to breed once | Not Reported | Adult | Venice (beach) | 82-165 breeding pairs/year | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.16 | rate at which chicks survived to breed at least once | Not Reported | Chick | Venice (beach) | 84-285 chicks/year | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Longevity | 9.63 | expected number of breeding years per adult bird | 6.55-14.48 95% CI | yr | Not Reported | Adult | Venice (beach) | 372 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | April, May | months of peak nest initiation activity, 2 years | Both Male and Female | Adult | coast | 2-15 nests/colony/year | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Hatching Success | 13 | proportion of nests with at least one egg hatching | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | coast | 72 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 3.26 (24) | mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) | pairs/square mile | Both Male and Female | Adult | 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Tox Exposure | Toxicity Endpoint Type | Tox Exposure Duration | Tox Exposure Technique | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARBARYL | increased at 0.56 kg/ha (2, 8-9 d. post-spray) | whole carcass concentration of carbaryl | Not Reported | Not Reported | 8-9 birds/group | 0, 0.44, 0.56 kg/ha application | TOX-EXP IND - accumulation | 2, 8-9, 21-30 d. post-spray | field application | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| CARBARYL | no effect | whole carcass lipid content | Not Reported | Not Reported | 6-13 birds/group | 0, 0.44, 0.56 kg/ha application | TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal | 2, 8-9, 21-30 d. post-spray | field application | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| CARBARYL | no effect | brain acetylcholinesterase activity | Not Reported | Not Reported | 6-13 birds/group | 0, 0.44, 0.56 kg/ha application | TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers | 2, 8-9, 21-30 d. post-spray | field application | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Tox Exposure | Toxicity Endpoint Type | Tox Exposure Duration | Tox Exposure Technique | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no correlation with DDE residues in eggs | eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | McHenry and Billings Counties | 12 eggs | 0.57 ppm DDE in eggs | TOX-REPRO - physiology | NR | diet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 43.1 | mean body weight | 2.8 SD | g | Male | Adult | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 154 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 42.2 | mean body weight | 3.0 SD | g | Female | Adult | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 158 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | March 29-June 25 (1991), March 11-June 29 (1992) | length of egg laying season in two sample years | Female | Adult | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.63 | clutch size | 1-3 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 316 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 19.3% | Percent of nests in which at least one chick hatched. | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 316 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Hatching Success | 27.6% (1991), 16.1% (1992) | percent of all eggs that hatched | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 254 (1991), 554 (1992) eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 6.33 | mean body weight at hatching | 0.56 SD | 5.3-7.6 | g | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 47 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.69 (1991), 2.54 (1992) | mean numbers of chicks hatched per successful nest | chicks/nest | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 26 (1991), 35 (1992) nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Growth Rate | 0.105 | growth rate | g/day per g body mass | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | 42 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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