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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Toxic effects of boron on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Smith, Gregory J. and Velora P. Anders
Pages
943-950
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BORIC ACID Egg; 3 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 13 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 49 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Liver; 15 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 33 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Brain; 14 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 41 ug/g @ 1000 ppm boron concentrations in adult tissues (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight). Both Male and Female Adult 10-20/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID Liver; 3 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 17 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 51 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Brain; 4 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 19 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 66 ug/g @ 1000 ppm boron concentrations in ducklings 21 d of age (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight). Concentrations at other doses were not detected. Both Male and Female Juvenile 10-13/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Oil and related toxicant effects on mallard immune defenses

Author(s)
Rocke, T.E., T.M. Yuill and R.D. Hinsdill
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect % mortality, compared to controls Male Adult 5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil, daily TOX-MORT - dose-response data 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight, gross lesions or signs of clinical illness, compared to controls Male Adult 5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS no effect body weight and gross lesion incidence, compared to controls Male Adult 4-5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS decrease @ 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg/d mean spleen index (spleen wt./body wt.) Male Adult 4-5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 no effect % mortality, compared to controls Male Adult 6/dose control, 0.006, 0.012, 0.025, 0.05 ml/kg, daily; diluted in water TOX-MORT - dose-response data 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 no effect body weight, compared to controls Male Adult 6/dose control, 0.006, 0.012, 0.025, 0.05 ml/kg, daily; diluted in water TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS increase @ 2.5, 4.0 ml/kg susceptibility to Pasturella multocida estimated as % mortality 2-wks post-exposure to Pasturella multocida which was given on day 28 Male Adult 9-32/dose control, 2.5, 4.0 ml/kg Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 4.0 ml/kg susceptibility to Pasturella multocida estimated as % mortality 2-wks post-exposure to Pasturella multocida which was given on day 28 Male Adult 10-32/dose control, 2.5, 4.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS, FUEL OILS no effect antibody-mediated immunity estimated by direct spleen plaque-forming cell assays (PFCs/g spleen); mallards inoculated with sheep red blood cells on day 24 Male Adult 9/dose control, 4.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil or Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of dispersant and crude oil ingestion on mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Eastin, W.C. Jr. and B.A. Rattner
Pages
273-278
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.15% Prudhoe Bay crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase plasma triglyceride and sodium concentrations, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.15% Prudhoe Bay crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease hematocrit and plasma cholesterol concentration, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.15% Prudhoe Bay crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 no effect body weight Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.015% TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 increase plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.015% TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bunker C fuel oil reduces mallard egg hatchability

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C.
Pages
731-732
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FUEL OILS decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul 6-day % survival of mallard embryos from eggs treated on the 8th day of incubation Not Reported Embryo 50/dose control, 5, 10, 20, 50 ul Bunker C fuel oil, applied externally to the air cell of viable eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul 30-d % hatching success Not Reported Embryo 50/dose control, 5, 10, 20, 50 ul Bunker C fuel oil, applied externally to the air cell of viable eggs TOX-REPRO - reproductive success single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of crude oil on mallard embryos on day one of development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J.
Pages
632-637
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 1, 5, 10 ul 18-d % survival, mean embryonic weight, crown-rump length (5ul) and bill length Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose control, 1, 5, 10 ul South Louisiana crude oil applied externally to eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1, 5 ul % abnormal survivors, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose control, 1, 5, 10 ul South Louisiana crude oil applied externally to eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard egg quality: Enhancement by low levels of petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
17-23
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility, compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 0.5% (w/w) South Louisiana crude oil TOX-REPRO - physiology pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease egg hatchability (# eggs hatching/# fertile eggs), compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 0.5% (w/w) South Louisiana crude oil TOX-REPRO - reproductive success pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility and egg hatchability, compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 5 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three domestic avian species, and of PAHs and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the common eider

Author(s)
Brunstrom, Bjorn, Dag Broman and Carina Naf
Pages
133-143
Year
Volume
67
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg embryonic mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 22/dose control, 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg, mixture of 18 PAHs; injected into egg yolks TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
BENZO[k]FLUORANTHENE increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg embryo mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 20/dose control, 0.2, 2.0 mg benzo[k]fluoranthene/kg egg; injected into egg yolks TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of dietary acid or aluminum on growth and growth-related hormones in mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Capdevielle, M.C. and C.G. Scanes
Pages
462-468
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ALUMINUM SULFATE decrease @ 0.5% body weight, average daily weight gain and tibiotarsus length, compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALUMINUM SULFATE 3.59 ppm dry wt @ control, 5.16 ppm @ 0.1%, 15.52 ppm @ 0.05% liver aluminum concentrations (ppm, dry wt) in ducklings Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALUMINUM SULFATE no effect plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of sewage sludge on the immune defenses of mallards

Author(s)
Goldberg, D.R. and T.M. Yuill
Pages
209-217
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SEWAGE SLUDGE no effect immune defenses; resistance to Pasturella multocida estimated by % mortality 14 d after challenge, compared to controls Male Adult 10/dose control, 5%, 20% Milorganite or Metrogro TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d (Milorganite); 57 d (Metrogro) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SEWAGE SLUDGE increase @ 20% Milorganite or Metrogro liver cadmium concentrations; compared to controls Male Adult 10/dose control, 5%, 20% Milorganite or Metrogro TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 28 d (Milorganite); 57 d (Metrogro) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 5, 50 ppm % mortality (100% mortality within 5 d for 50 ppm dose), compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-MORT - dose-response data 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 50 ppm incidence of mild to marked degeneration of neurons of the pons, medulla oblongata, gray matter of the spinal cord and pyrimidal cells of the cerebral cortex; mild to moderate lympoid depletion of spleen and thymus; atrophy of myofibers in skeletal and ca Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 73-75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE 17% decrease @ 5 ppm body weight Not Reported 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 5 ppm cephalic tumor incidence Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE no effect % mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as triethyltin chloride TOX-MORT - dose-response data 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of white phosphorus to waterfowl: Acute exposure to mallards

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W., Mary Gustafson, Patrice Klein and Natalie Karouna-Renier
Pages
187-197
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 6.96 mg/kg bw (2.66-8.96 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Female Adult 6 birds/dose 0, 6.0, 7.9, 10.2, 13.5, 18.0 mg/kg bw (dissolved in corn oil) TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 6.46 mg/kg bw (5.19-7.69 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Male Adult 4-5 birds/dose 0, 2, 4, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 8.0, 9.1 mg/kg bw (dissolved in corn oil) TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 3.90 mg/kg bw (3.24-4.69 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Female Adult 4-5 birds/dose 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.4, 4.0, 6.5 mg/kg bw (pelletized) TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) reduced above 6.2 mg/kg bw body weight versus controls Not Reported Adult 4-5 birds/dose 0, 6.0, 7.9, 10.2, 13.5, 18.0 mg/kg bw (dissolved in corn oil) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos, Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds

Author(s)
Bosveld, A.T.C. (Bart), and Martin Van den Berg
Pages
147-166
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review incidence of reproductive effects Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
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