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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Toxicity and estimated water quality criteria values in mallard ducklings exposed to pentachlorophenol

Author(s)
Nebeker, A.V., W.L. Griffis and G.S. Schuytema
Pages
33-36
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PENTACHLOROPHENOL 12.2 +/- 2.3 ug/g lipid, 20.7 +/- 3.7 ug/g liver, 3.3 +/- 1.6 ug/g muscle, 2.6 +/- 1.5 ug/g brain at 423.2 ug/g diet mean +/- SD tissue concentrations at the reported NOAEL (development) Not Reported Juvenile 6-8 25.0, 54.2, 105.0, 233.2, 423.2, 961.0 ug/g diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of dieldrin in food on growth and bioaccumulation in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, A.V., K.D. Dunn, W.L. Griffis and G.S. Schuytema
Pages
29-32
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIELDRIN no effect total body weight, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 4-6/dose <0.2, 2.6, 26.2, 49.3 ug/g diet TOX-REPRO - development 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 9.7 ug/g lipid, 3.3 ug/g skin, 1.3 ug/g brain, 0.8 ug/g liver, 0.7 ug/g muscle at 2.6 ug/g food mean of day 5, 7, 8 (approx. steady state) tissue concentrations Not Reported Juvenile 6 <0.2, 2.6, 26.2, 49.3 ug/g diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 42.5 ug/g lipid, 14.6 ug/g skin, 1.6 ug/g brain, 2.5 ug/g liver, 1.2 ug/g muscle at 26.2 ug/g food mean of day 5, 7, 8 (approx. steady state) tissue concentrations Not Reported Juvenile 6 <0.2, 2.6, 26.2, 49.3 ug/g diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 80.7 ug/g lipid, 30.1 ug/g skin, 1.6 ug/g brain, 4.1 ug/g liver, 1.8 ug/g muscle at 49.3 ug/g food mean of day 5, 7, 8 (approx. steady state) tissue concentrations Not Reported Juvenile 6 <0.2, 2.6, 26.2, 49.3 ug/g diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of game-farm and wild-strain mallard ducks in accumulation of methylmercury

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
379-386
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE 0.51-0.54 ppm blood, 2.07-2.41 ppm kidney, 2.35-2.26 ppm liver, 0.74-0.97 ppm breast muscle, 0.47-0.51 ppm brain, 0.88 ppm eggs @ 0.5 ppm in diet range of mean Hg (ppm wet-weight) concentrations in wild-strain males and females Both Male and Female Adult 6-9 (9 breeding pairs/dose) control and 0.5 mg Hg/kg diet (Hg as methylmercury dicyandiamide) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 22 Dec. to 27 July, 1976; approx. 7 mo diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE feeding and plasma osmoregulation in ducks, guillemots and puffins

Author(s)
Miller, David S., William B. Kinter, David B. Peakall and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
231
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 10.6 +/- 2.2 ppm nasal gland, 16.1 +/- 5.1 ppm liver, 5.8 +/- 1.1 ppm kidney, 1.9 +/- 0.1 ppm brain @ 100 ppm diet mean (+/- SE) DDE levels (ppm wet weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 control or 100 ppm DDE TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 7 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect nasal gland secretion volume Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-11 control, 10, 50 ppm DDE TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 7 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect nasal gland and kidney Na-K-ATPase activity, following exposure to 100% seawater Both Male and Female Juvenile 4-5 control or 100 ppm DDE TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 7 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect body weight or plasma electrolyte levels Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 control, 10-100 ppm DDE TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 7 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of DDE on the Ca metabolism of the duck eggshell gland and its subcellular fractions; Relations to the functional stage

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
5-12
Year
Volume
78
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 1.23 +/- 0.12 ug/g wet weight mean +/- SE p,p'-DDE concentration in shell gland mucosa Female Adult Not Reported control, 40 mg/kg dry weight diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 28% decrease @ 40 mg/kg eggshell index (shell weight/shell length x breadth), compared to control Female Adult 9-20/group control, 40 mg/kg dry weight diet TOX-REPRO - physiology 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect plasma calcium concentration Female Adult Not Reported control, 40 mg/kg dry weight diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 25% decrease @ 40 mg/kg calcium content of secreted fluid in the shell gland, compared to control Female Adult 5/dose control, 40 mg/kg dry weight diet TOX-REPRO - physiology 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of p-p'-DDE administered in vivo and in vitro on Ca2+ binding and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity in egg shell gland mucosa of ducks

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
121-129
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 18% decrease @ 40 mg/kg eggshell index (shell weight/length x breadth), compared to control Female Adult 18 control, 40 mg/kg dry weight TOX-REPRO - physiology 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 38 ug/g wet weight egg (yolk + white), 1.20 ug/g wet weight egg shell gland mucosa @ 40 mg/kg mean DDE concentrations Female Adult 7-9 control, 40 mg/kg dry weight TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 32% decrease @ 40 mg/kg Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activity in eggshell gland mucosa homogenates, compared to controls Female Adult Not Reported control, 40 mg/kg dry weight TOX-REPRO - physiology 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 44% increase @ 40 mg/kg calcium content (umol/g dry weight) of eggshell gland mucosa, compared to controls Female Adult Not Reported control, 40 mg/kg dry weight TOX-REPRO - physiology 45 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Strychnine poisoning of aquatic birds

Author(s)
Wobeser, G. and B.R. Blakley
Pages
341-343
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
STRYCHNINE increase strychnine poisoning via grain bait diagnosed as cause of death in free-flying mallards Both Male and Female Adult Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 4 19.7 - 85.1 mg strychnine/kg ingesta TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of ingested crude and dispersed crude oil on thermoregulation in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro
Pages
49-56
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight; body and skin temperature at 16C; mean heat production and thermal conductance at 16C Not Reported Adult 5/dose control, 5 ml/kg bird/d Statfjord A crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase body temperature at an ambient temperature of -17C, compared to control Not Reported Adult 5/dose control, 5 ml/kg bird/d Statfjord A crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ingestion of petroleum by breeding mallard ducks: Some effects on neonatal progeny

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
147-153
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1% and 3% hepatic microsomal naphthalene metabolism (nmol/min/mg protein), compared to control, in adult females and in neonatal ducklings hatched from eggs laid by females (1% Prudhoe Bay dose level was not significantly different for neonates). Female Adult 6 adults/dose; 5-20 neonates/dose control, 1%, 3% (ml oil/100 g dry wt food); South Louisiana and Prudhoe Bay crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
765-777
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 3% plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control Male Juvenile 24/dose control, 3% (3 ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 1 wk diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 3% body weight Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% ( ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1 and 3% daily food intake rate Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% ( ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.5, 1, 3% plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% (ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 3-9 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.5% plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% (ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.5, 1, 3% hepatic microsomal naphthalene metabolism (nmol/min/mg protein) Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% (ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of boron on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Michael B. Camardese, Leonard J. Lecaptain
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1600 ppm growth rate measured as changes in body weight, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1600 ppm hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, compared to controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID increase @ 100, 400, 1600 ppm plasma triglyceride concentration (21-42% increase, compared to controls) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID increase @ 1600 ppm plasma calcium concentration (6-10% greater than controls) and brain acetylcholinestrase activity (umol/min/g) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID 2 ug/g @ control; 4 ug/g @ 100 ppm; 5 ug/g @ 400 ppm; 51 ug/g @ 1600 ppm boron accumulation in brain (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 400 and 1600 ppm brain ATP (nmol/g) and protein (mg/g) concentrations Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID 1 ug/g @ controls; 3 ug/g @ 100 ppm; 3 ug/g @ 400 ppm; 29 ug/g @ 1600 ppm liver boron concentration (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxic effects of boron on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Smith, Gregory J. and Velora P. Anders
Pages
943-950
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1000 ppm % hatching success in fertile eggs and productivity per female (mean # of 21 d old ducklings) Both Male and Female Adult 15/sex/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID no effect eggshell thickness and Ratcliffe index of eggshell quality Female Adult 15/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - physiology 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID increase @ 1000 ppm % embryo mortality (day 15 to hatch) and duckling mortality (hatch to day 7) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11-23/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - development 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 300, 1000 ppm body weight of hatchlings, compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 11-23/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - development 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 30, 300, 1000 ppm hatchling weight gain over 21 d, compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 11-23/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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