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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W. and Ellen A. Pafford
Pages
737-745
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
NICKEL SULFATE no effect bill length Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose 0,200,800,1200 ppm in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 30, 60, 90 d of age diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
NICKEL SULFATE decreased @ 1200 pmm (30 d of age) weight:length of humerus Male Juvenile 36 birds/dose 0,200,800,1200 ppm in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 30, 60, 90 d of age diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
NICKEL SULFATE decreased @ all doses (by 60 d of age) weight:length of humerus Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose 0,200,800,1200 ppm in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 30, 60, 90 d of age diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
NICKEL SULFATE no effect organ wt:body wt ratios Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose 0,200,800,1200 ppm in diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 30, 60, 90 d of age diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
NICKEL SULFATE 1.0-22.7 (liver), 2.7-74.4 (kidney) ppm, wet wt Ni concentrations (ranges) in liver and kidney in ducklings that died @ 1200 ppm Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose 0,200,800,1200 ppm in diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 30, 60, 90 d of age diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Uptake and retention of dietary cadmium in mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H. and Mack T. Finley
Pages
53-59
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 pairs/group 0,20,200 ppm TOX-MORT - dose-response data 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect body wt, hematocrit, hemoglobin, food consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 pairs/group 0,20,200 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE 2.116 (@ 2 ppm), 19.510 (@ 20 ppm), 96.600 9@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt mean Cd concentrations in liver after 90 d of treatment Both Male and Female Adult 20 pairs/group 0,20,200 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE 4.627 (@ 2 ppm), 54.333 (@ 20 ppm), 77.222 (@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt mean Cd concentrations in kidneys after 90 d of treatment Both Male and Female Adult 20 pairs/group 0,20,200 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased to 0.010 (@ 20 ppm), 0.040 (@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt Cd concentrations in eggs versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 eggs (20 ppm), 3 eggs (200 ppm) 0,20,200 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 200 ppm/60 or 90 d of treatment, 30 d post-treatment mean kidney weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 10 kidneys/group 0,20,200 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE decreased @ all doses/30 d post-treatment, and 200 ppm/90 d of treatment mean testis weight versus controls Male Adult 5 testes/group 0,20,200 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxic effects of natural saline waters on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Mitcham, S.A. and G. Wobeser
Pages
45-50
Year
Issue
1
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SALINE WATER decreased @ 4000 or 7720 umhos/cm body weight by day 14 or 16 versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group tap water (control), less saline water (3750-7490 umhos/cm); see citation for individual ion concentrations TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 28 d drinking water Toxicity Factor Datasets
SALINE WATER increased plasma protein levels; serum osmolality; salt, kidney and adrenal gland size versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group tap water (control), less saline water (3750-7490 umhos/cm); see citation for individual ion concentrations TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 14-28 d drinking water Toxicity Factor Datasets
SALINE WATER increased @ 67,000 umhos/cm (100%), 35,000 umhos/cm (100%), 21,500 umhos/cm (78%), and 20,000 umhos/cm (60%) mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group tap water (control),more saline water (20,000-67,000 umhos/cm); see citation for individual ion concentrations TOX-MORT - dose-response data 14 d drinking water Toxicity Factor Datasets
SALINE WATER increased @ 20,000 umhos/cm and above thymus size versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group tap water (control),more saline water (20,000-67,000 umhos/cm); see citation for individual ion concentrations TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 14 d drinking water Toxicity Factor Datasets
SALINE WATER decreased @ 20,000 and 21,500 umhos/cm body weight by day 14 versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group tap water (control),more saline water (20,000-67,000 umhos/cm); see citation for individual ion concentrations TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 14 d drinking water Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of methylmercury on approach and avoidance behavior of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
554-564
Year
Issue
5
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased @ 0.5, 3 ppm changes in approach behavior (maternal call stimulus) Not Reported Juvenile 249 (control); 276 (0.5 ppm); 108 (3 ppm) 0,0.5,3 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects incubation period parental diet (in ovo) Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased @ 0.5, 3 ppm changes in avoidance behavior (frightening stimulus) Not Reported Juvenile 319 (control); 339 (0.5 ppm); 158 (3 ppm) 0,0.5,3 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects incubation period parental diet (in ovo) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of low dietary levels of methyl mercury on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
386-392
Year
Issue
4
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased @ 3 ppm mean egg weight compared to controls Female Adult 10 females, 3 males/dose 0, 0.5, 3 ppm diet TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE 1 (@ 0.5 ppm), 6.46-9.19 (@ 3 ppm) ppm in eggs mercury concentrations in eggs (at plateau) Female Adult 10 females, 3 males/dose 0, 0.5, 3 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased @ 0.5, 3 ppm duration of egg production compared to controls Female Adult 10 females, 3 males/dose 0, 0.5, 3 ppm diet TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased @ 3 ppm hatching success and 1 wk survival of hatchlings compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 females, 3 males/dose 0, 0.5, 3 ppm diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brain lesions in mallard ducklings from parents fed methylmercury

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and Louis N. Locke
Pages
9-17
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased @ 3 ppm duckling survival Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported 0, 0.5, 3 ppm diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 3-15 mos parental diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased @ 3 ppm incidence of brain lesions (demyelination, necrosis, neuronal shrinkage) Not Reported Juvenile 3-11 ducklings/group 0, 0.5, 3 ppm diet TOX-REPRO - development 3-15 mos parental diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mercury accumulation in mallards fed methylmercury with or without added DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
372-376
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE 1.4 +/- 0.18 (@ 1 ppm, no DDE), 8.7 +/- 0.87 (@ 5 ppm, no DDE) ppm Hg, wet wt mean Hg concentration in third egg laid in clutch (mean +/- SE) Female Adult 10/group 1, 5 ppm Hg; both doses given with and w/out 5 ppm DDE TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE 1.0 +/- 0.06 (@ 1 ppm Hg, no DDE), 5.3 +/- 0.56 (@ 5 ppm Hg, no DDE) ppm Hg, wet wt Hg concentration in breast muscle (mean +/- SE) Female Adult 10/group 1, 5 ppm Hg; both doses given with and w/out 5 ppm DDE TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Teratogenic effects of external egg applications of methyl mercury in the mallard, Anas platyrynchos

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and John M. Moore
Pages
453-462
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE increased @ 1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg % abnormal survivors by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group 0,0.3,1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg TOX-REPRO - development single application to shell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 27, 90 ug Hg embryo crown to rump length by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group 0,0.3,1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg TOX-REPRO - development single application to shell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 9, 27, 90 ug Hg % survival by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group 0,0.3,1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success single application to shell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Genetic response of mallards to toxic effects of methyl mercuric chloride

Author(s)
Prince, H.H.
Pages
31-40
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased hatchability versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 29 pairs 8 mg Hg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 2 doses @ 2 wk interval (eggs collected beginning after 1st dose) oral (capsule) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Prolonged retention of methyl mercury by mallard drakes

Author(s)
Stickel, L.F., W.H. Stickel, M.A.R. McLane, and M. Bruns
Pages
393-400
Year
Issue
4
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE see figure and table figure and table showing decline of Hg in carcass, liver, and kidney over time Male Adult 3-5 birds/group 8 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE 9.10 (whole body), 4.46 (carcass), 16.5 (liver), 17.6 (kidney) ppm, wet wt mean Hg concentrations after 2 wk exposure Male Adult 3-5 birds/group 8 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and loss in mallard eggs

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
775-778
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENOMETHIONINE 13-20 ppm, wet wt mean Se concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 birds 15 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 20 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-DL-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., David J. Hoffman and Leonard J. LeCaptain
Pages
93-99
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast, or 15 ppm as wheat food consumption compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast body weight compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-L-met survival rate compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-MORT - dose-response data 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE 11-12 (@ 15 ppm as Se-met or wheat), 6.2 (@ 15 ppm as yeast), 19-20 (@ 30 ppm as Se-met or wheat), 9.9 (@ 30 ppm as yeast) ppm, wet wt mean concentrations of Se in livers Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,15,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast), or 15 ppm as wheat TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm (as Se-met or yeast) food consumption compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm (as Se-met or yeast) body weights compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group 0,30 ppm diet (as Se-L-met, Se-DL-met, yeast) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 2 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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