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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1206 g Male Adult central North Dakota 660 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Duck nesting in fields of undisturbed grass-legume cover

Author(s)
Duebbert, H.F. and J.T. Lokemoen
Pages
39-49
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.6 8.2-8.8 eggs Female Adult western Edmunds Co., South Dakota 100 Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 76.6 46.9 - 113.6 nests/km2 Both Male and Female Adult western edge of Edmunds Co., South Dakota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting April 26 - June 6 prairie pothole region of North Dakota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 5 - May 14 Female prairie pothold region of North Dakota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal April 20 - May 14 Female Adult prairie pothole region of North Dakota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.49 1.23 SE eggs Female Adult prairie pothole region of North Dakota 57 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.96 1.38 SE eggs Adult prairie pothole region of North Dakota 78 Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 3.62 0.6 - 7.6 breeding pairs/km2 Both Male and Female Adult Koenig study area Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 4.72 3.1 - 8.7 breeding pairs/km2 Both Male and Female Adult Woodworth study area Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.51 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile prairie pothole region of North Dakota 74 hens Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.45 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile prairie pothole region, North Dkota 41 hens Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile prairie pothole region of North Dakota 22 hens Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.18 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile prairie pothole region of North Dakota 11 hens Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1,121.2 121.5 SD g Female Adult prairie pothole region central North Dakota 105 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1,070.2 121.3 SD g Female Yearling prairie pothole region in North Dakota 44 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 72.4 44.2 SD g lipid Female Adult prairie pothole region of North Dakota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 55.0 39.7 SD g lipid Female Yearling prairie pothole region of North Dakota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 9.3 1.7 SD eggs Female Yearling prairie pothole region in North Dakota 7 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 10.3 1.1 SD eggs Female Adult prairie pothole region of North Dakota 46 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying April 4 - July (median = May) time of clutch initiation Female Adult eastern - south central North Dakota, near Jamestown 265 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Waterfowl use of forested wetlands of the southern United States: An overview

Author(s)
Fredrickson, Leigh H. and Mickey E. Heitmeyer
Pages
307-323
Publisher
University of Minnesota Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Mingo Basin, Missouri Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying April 10 (end) southern part of U.S. breeding range Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal late February/early March (begin) to mid April (end) southern part of U.S. breeding range Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-October (begin) to December (end) southern part of U.S. breeding range Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8 - 12 eggs Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying March 25 (begin) - May 20 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal late August/early September (begin), September (peak) Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition beechnuts, acorns, and slugs, snails, frogs or lizards (occasionally) Not Reported Not Reported Central Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The heat production of oiled mallards and scaup

Author(s)
McEwan, E. H. and A.F. Koelink
Pages
27-31
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 80 resting heat production kcal/kg/day Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate increased to 110 kcal/kg/day resting heat production of oiled birds (crude oil) versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E. and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
38-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting April 15 (begin) - May 20 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Chippewa National Forest, east of Bemidji Minnesota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt August 8 (begin) - September 2 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Chippewa National Forest, east of Bemidji, Minnesota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding ecology of mallards wintering in Nebraska

Author(s)
Jorde, Dennis G., Gary L. Krapu and Richard D. Crawford
Pages
1044-1053
Year
Issue
4
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Foraging Distance 3.8 foraging distance in grazed corn stubble; for foraging distance over other types of terrain, see table 3, p. 1050 0.4 SE km Not Reported Not Reported Platte River between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska 66 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition corn (51.7%), milo (2.6%), other plant (16.5%), mollusca (snails, clams; 2.9%), insecta (0.3%) food item occurrence in esophageal contents, expressed as aggregate percent dry weight Not Reported Not Reported along Platte River, between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska 68 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 59 Survival rates, not mortality. 3.4 SE % Female Adult Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 52 Survival rates, not mortality. 7.8 SE % Female Juvenile Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements and habitat use of mallard broods in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
88-94
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 1.27 For 1989. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. 0.47 SE 0.04 - 6.23 km2 Not Reported Nestling Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 13 broods Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 0.62 For 1990. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. 0.21 SE 0.045 - 2.68 km2 Not Reported Nestling Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 14 broods Exposure Factor Datasets
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OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment