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Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 2.96 SD g Not Reported Hatchling Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 33 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1900.5 mean asymptotic weight of fledglings 189.8 SD g Not Reported Fledgling Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 33 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 4.30 mean frequency of daily feeding of first hatched chick of a brood 1.90 SD feedings/d Not Reported Juvenile Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 64 observations Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate mean meal weight of chicks aged 5-37 days 10-125 g Not Reported Juvenile Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 2 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 12/46 number died/number hatched Not Reported Juvenile Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence 14 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Daily activity budgets and movements of winter roosting double-crested cormorants determined by biotelemetry in the Delta region of the Mississippi

Author(s)
King, D. Tommy, James F. Glahn and Keith J. Andrews
Pages
152-157
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Foraging Distance 15.7 mean distance travelled from night roost to foraging site 2.0 SE 3.5-61.8 km Both Male and Female Adult Mississippi River Delta 33 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae

Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Pages
81-124
Year
Issue
2
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 17-08 from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data yr-mo Not Reported Adult 4174 band recoveries Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting April-June period during which nest initiations were observed Both Male and Female Adult San Francisco Bay estuary 296-424 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.98 +/- 0.07 to 1.78 +/- 0.06 mean number of chicks fledged/nest (over 3 years) Both Male and Female Fledgling San Francisco Bay estuary 296-424 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.1+/- 0.1 to 3.2+/- 0.1 mean number of eggs/nest (over 3 years) Female Adult San Francisco Bay estuary 263-312 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 76% proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling San Francisco Bay estuary 1056 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Characteristics of a rapidly increasing colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Lake Ontario: Population Size, Reproductive Parameters and Band Recoveries

Author(s)
Weseloh, D.V. Chip and Peter J. Ewins
Pages
443-456
Year
Issue
2
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size range in mean clutches in ground nests (across 4 years) 2.82-3.62 Female Adult Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) 34-127 nests/colony Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.14 mean number of young produced/active nest (across 10 yrs) Both Male and Female Fledgling Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of total mercury levels in relation to diet and molt for nine species of marine birds

Author(s)
Braune, Birgit M.
Pages
217-224
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition herring (25%), sculpin (92%), flounder (8%), anemones (8%), snails (17%), mussels (33%), amphipods (25%), isopods (17%), benthic shrimp (25%), crabs (25%), bryozoans (58%), algae (50%) frequency of occurrence of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Quoddy Region, New Brunswick 12 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth, body components and energy content of nestling double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Dunn, Erica H.
Pages
431-438
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 0.208 K; index of rate at which asymptotic weight is being gained Not Reported Nestling Duck Island, Isle of Shoals 1-52/sample day Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1900 asymptotic weight of nestlings g Not Reported Nestling Duck Island, Isle of Shoals Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foods of nestling double-crested cormorants in Penobscot Bay, Maine, USA: Temporal and spatial comparisons

Author(s)
Blackwell, Bradley F., William B. Krohn and R. Bradford Allen
Pages
199-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition sculpin, rock gunnel, blueback herring, alewife, wrymouth, sand shrimp, cunner, American eel, rock crab, N. Caridean shrimp, sand shrimp, white perch, yellow perch, rainbow smelt, N. lobster, Atlantic tomcod primary dietary items from nestling regurgitant samples Not Reported Nestling Penobscot Bay 673 samples Exposure Factor Datasets

Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus

Citation:

Dietary composition of brown pelicans breeding in the southern California bight

Author(s)
Kelly, P.R., Franklin Gress and D.W. Anderson
Pages
105
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax (80%) percent of estimated prey biomass, from pre-fledgling regurgitations Not Reported Nestling Southern California Bight 3 colonies Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brown pelicans: influence of food supply on reproduction

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Franklin Gress, and Kenneth F. Mais
Pages
23-31
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of mean fledging rates (number of fledglings per built nest) over a 6 year period 0.18-0.88 Not Reported Fledgling West Anacapa Island 76-1258 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate range of mean fledging rates (number of fledglings per built nest) over a 6 year period 0.23-1.20 Not Reported Fledgling Isla Coronado Norte 76-1258 nests/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements and daily activity patterns of a brown pelican in Central California

Author(s)
Croll, Donald A., Lisa T. Ballance, Bernd G. Wursig and Wm. Breck Tyler
Pages
258-260
Year
Volume
88
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Foraging Distance distance travelled by radiotagged bird 10.2-49.4 km/day Not Reported Juvenile south Monterey Bay 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and dispersal of oiled brown pelicans after rehabilitation and release

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Franklin Gress, and D. Michael Fry
Pages
711-718
Year
Issue
10
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 69% estimated survival rate of radiotagged rehabilitated oiled birds at 150-180 days post-release Not Reported Adult Southern California Bight 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 94% estimated survival rate of radiotagged control birds at 150-180 days post-release Not Reported Adult Southern California Bight 17 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brown pelicans in central and northern California

Author(s)
Briggs, Kenneth T., Wm. Breck Tyler, David B. Lewis, Paul R. Kelly and Donald A. Croll
Pages
353-373
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal early to mid-summer time of northward movement from southern breeding areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles northern and central coast 3 years Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.23 mean density at sea off central and northern coast 0.23 SE birds/km^2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles central and northern coast 3 years Exposure Factor Datasets

Pelecanus occidentalis

Citation:

Variation in reproductivity with age in the brown pelican

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Julie A. Keahey
Pages
128-134
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.16 mean clutch size 1-3 eggs Female Juvenile Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge 37 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.85 mean clutch size 2-4 eggs Female Adult Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge 89 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 57.1% percent of eggs producing downy young in succesful nests (nests producing at least one young) Female Juvenile Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge 7 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 60.2% percent of eggs producing downy young in succesful nests (nests producing at least one young) Female Adult Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge 133 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age of first nesting in the brown pelican

Author(s)
Williams, Lovett E., Jr. and Ted Joanen
Pages
279-280
Year
Issue
3
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 age of first nesting yr Not Reported Adult Barataria Bay 13 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth and develoment of nestling brown pelicans

Author(s)
Schreiber, Ralph W.
Pages
19-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning range of mean fledging ages over four years 74-77 days Not Reported Fledgling Tarpon Key 7-12 birds/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean body weight at hatching 45-80 g Not Reported Nestling Tarpon Key 47 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate see figure daily growth rates of wild nestlings Not Reported Nestling Tarpon Key varied Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate percent of body weight consumed daily during maintenance of adult weight 16-18% Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Tarpon Key 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean body weight of captive adult 3,300-3,500 g Not Reported Adult Tarpon Key 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 mean clutch size among successful nests 0.2 SE eggs Female Adult St. Lawrence estuary 32 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 2.8 proportion of eggs hatched per nest among successful nests 0.2 SE eggs/nest Both Male and Female Hatchling St. Lawrence estuary 32 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.3 fledging rate among successful nests 0.2 fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling St. Lawrence estuary 32 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 90.5 growth rate during maximum growth phase 1.8 SE g/day Both Male and Female Nestling St. Lawrence estuary 65 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 27.6 hatch weight 1.2 SE g Both Male and Female Hatchling St. Lawrence estuary 11 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets
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