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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

The heat production of oiled mallards and scaup

Author(s)
McEwan, E. H. and A.F. Koelink
Pages
27-31
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 80 resting heat production kcal/kg/day Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate increased to 110 kcal/kg/day resting heat production of oiled birds (crude oil) versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E. and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
38-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting April 15 (begin) - May 20 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Chippewa National Forest, east of Bemidji Minnesota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt August 8 (begin) - September 2 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Chippewa National Forest, east of Bemidji, Minnesota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.713 survival rate Female Both Adults and Juveniles Chippewa National Forest Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding ecology of mallards wintering in Nebraska

Author(s)
Jorde, Dennis G., Gary L. Krapu and Richard D. Crawford
Pages
1044-1053
Year
Issue
4
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Foraging Distance 3.8 foraging distance in grazed corn stubble; for foraging distance over other types of terrain, see table 3, p. 1050 0.4 SE km Not Reported Not Reported Platte River between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska 66 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition corn (51.7%), milo (2.6%), other plant (16.5%), mollusca (snails, clams; 2.9%), insecta (0.3%) food item occurrence in esophageal contents, expressed as aggregate percent dry weight Not Reported Not Reported along Platte River, between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska 68 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 59 Survival rates, not mortality. 3.4 SE % Female Adult Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 52 Survival rates, not mortality. 7.8 SE % Female Juvenile Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements and habitat use of mallard broods in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
88-94
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 1.27 For 1989. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. 0.47 SE 0.04 - 6.23 km2 Not Reported Nestling Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 13 broods Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 0.62 For 1990. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. 0.21 SE 0.045 - 2.68 km2 Not Reported Nestling Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 14 broods Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.181 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.05 - 0.31 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 36 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.21 - 0.52 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 41 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.19 - 0.55 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 41 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.410 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.27 - 0.54 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.344 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.20 - 0.49 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting biology of mallards in California

Author(s)
McLandress, M. Robert, Gregory S. Yarris, Alison E.H. Perkins, Daniel P. Connelly and Dennis G. Raveling
Pages
94-107
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.5 eggs Not Reported Not Reported Suisun Marsh 1934 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 eggs Not Reported Not Reported Sacramento Valley 521 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs Not Reported Not Reported San Joaquin Valley 246 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.3 eggs Not Reported Not Reported Northeastern California 227 Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 20.8 See table 2, p.99, for more detailed means. 1.5 SE 13.0 - 28.6 breeding pairs/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 1.0 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Tulare Basin, Kern National Wildlife Refuge not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.25 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported hunting clubs Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported preirrigated croplands Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.07 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported evaporation ponds Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported miscellaneous Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 61 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 56 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 47 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolizable energy of small grains for mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G.
Pages
781-785
Year
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 43.35 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Male Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 38.01 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Female Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Grain consumption by mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, L.G.
Pages
35-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 70 mean daily ingestion of barley at 15 C g/day/duck Male Juvenile 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Harvest distribution and survival of mallards banded in California

Author(s)
Rienecker, Warren C.
Year
Issue
1
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 61 average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 percent Male Adult Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 56 average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 % Female Adult Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 47 average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 % Male Juvenile Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 % Female Juvenile Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Heart and body growth in ducks

Author(s)
Gille, U. and F.V. Salomon
Pages
75-81
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 1.81%/d maximum growth rate relative to asymptotic weight Male Juvenile 48 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Stomach contents of diving and dabbling ducks during fall migration in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada

Author(s)
Guillemette, Magella, Francois Bolduc and Jean-Luc DesGrandes
Pages
167-175
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition gastropoda (0.001), crustacea (0.007), insecta (0.003), and plant (0.980) mean relative proportions (wet mass) of stomach contents Both Male and Female Not Reported St. Lawrence River 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard mortality rates on key breeding and wintering areas

Author(s)
Blohm, R.J., R.E. Reynolds, J.P. Bladen, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, K.H. Pollock, and R.T. Eberhardt
Pages
264-284
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.998 spring-summer survival (proportion) Male Adult Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba 18,650 Exposure Factor Datasets
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