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Phalacrocorax auritus

Citation:

Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in wild cormorants, pelicans, their eggs, food and environment

Author(s)
Greichus, Yvonne A. Greichus and R.J. Emerick
Pages
321-328
Year
Issue
6
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.28 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Not Reported Nestling Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7.98 ppm wet wt mercury concentration in liver Both Male and Female Adult Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake 5 birds <0.05-0.11 PCBs, <0.05-0.11 mercury, 0.016-0.092 OC insecticides; ppm (wet wt) in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in Atlantic Canadian seabirds

Author(s)
Elliott, J.E., A.M. Scheuhammer, F.A. Leighton and P.A. Pearce
Pages
63-73
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM (elemental), MERCURY (elemental) no correlation correlation of mean metallothionein concentration (13.2-24.4 ug/g tissue) and metal concentrations in kidneys Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Heron Is., Manawagonish Is., Ile aux pommes 24 birds 0.03-6.3 ug Cd/g kidney, 0.77-12.9 ug Hg/g kidney, dry wt TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes

Author(s)
Tillit, Donald E., Gerald T. Ankley, John P. Giesy, James P. Ludwig, Hiroko Kurita-Matsuba, D. Vaughn Weseloh, Peter S. Ross, Christine A. Bishop, Lou Sileo, Ken L. Stromborg, Jill Larson, Timothy J. Kubiak
Pages
1281-1288
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive correlation correlation of embryo mortality with TCDD equivalents in eggs Not Reported Embryo Great Lakes 11 colonies @ 25-50 nests/colony 35-344 pg TCDD eq/g wet wt TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult Anacapa Island 17 eggs 754 ppm DDE, 87 ppm PCBs, 2.1 ppm DDD, 7.0 ppm DDT in egg yolk lipids TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult Los Coronados Island 23 eggs 574 ppm DDE, 422 ppm PCBs, 13.8 ppm DDD, 5.5 ppm DDT in egg yolk lipids TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 400, 800 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group 0,5,10,25,50,100,200,400,800 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 5 ug/kg egg weights of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 8-29/group 0,5,10,25,50,100,200,400,800 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased at 4.0 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 58-60/group 0,0.06,0.25,1.0,4.0 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported 0,0.06,0.25,1.0,4.0 ug/kg egg TOX-REPRO - development incubation period egg injection Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Larson, Jill M., William H. Karasov, Louis Sileo, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Barbara A. Hanbidge, John P. Giesy, Paul D. Jones, Donald E. Tillitt and David A. Verbrugge
Pages
553-559
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference hatching success (# hatched/# eggs) Both Male and Female Hatchling Spider Is., Lake Michigan 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) 7.34-8.22 ug/g egg (1.03 ug/g egg, reference site) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference clutch size Female Adult Spider Is., Lake Michigan 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) 7.34-8.22 ug/g egg (1.03 ug/g egg, reference site) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased compared with reference proportion of nestlings with bill defects Both Male and Female Hatchling Spider Is., Lake Michigan 1,511 and 2,700 chicks (2 yrs) 7.34-8.22 ug/g egg (1.03 ug/g egg, reference site) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents by double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus, Pelicaniformes) chicks in the North American Great Lakes

Author(s)
Jones, P.D., J.P. Giesy, J.L. Newsted, D.A. Verbrugge, J.P. Ludwig, M.E. Ludwig, H.J. Auman, R. Crawford, D.E. Tillitt, T.J. Kubiak, and D.A. Best
Pages
192-209
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 31.3 mean biomagnification factor for eggs from forage fish 11.7-56.8 Female Adult 12 eggs/site x 5 sites 5.8-24.4 pgTCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt, (5 sites) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 162.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling Green Bay, Lake Michigan 20 chicks 24.4 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 100.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained from egg to largest chick stage Not Reported Nestling Beaver Islands, Lake Michigan 20 chicks 5.8 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 37.6 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling Thunder Bay, Lake Huron 20 chicks 18.1 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 28.3 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling North Channel, Lake Huron 20 chicks 7.6 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 47.5 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) Not Reported Nestling St. Martin's Shoal, Lake Huron 20 chicks 11.1 pg TCDD equivalents/g fish, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Charadrius vociferus

Citation:

Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
881-890
Year
Issue
5
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CARBARYL increased at 0.56 kg/ha (2, 8-9 d. post-spray) whole carcass concentration of carbaryl Not Reported Not Reported 8-9 birds/group 0, 0.44, 0.56 kg/ha application TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 2, 8-9, 21-30 d. post-spray field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect whole carcass lipid content Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group 0, 0.44, 0.56 kg/ha application TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 2, 8-9, 21-30 d. post-spray field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect brain acetylcholinesterase activity Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group 0, 0.44, 0.56 kg/ha application TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers 2, 8-9, 21-30 d. post-spray field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in nesting killdeer, Charadrius vociferus, and their eggs in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Lowell C. McEwen and Patricia L. Kennedy
Pages
328-331
Year
Issue
3
Volume
108
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) no correlation with DDE residues in eggs eggshell thickness Female Adult McHenry and Billings Counties 12 eggs 0.57 ppm DDE in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) significantly decreased compared to pre-1943 samples eggshell thickness (of intact or broken eggshells) Female Adult Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte 86 eggs 0.03 ppm DDT plus TDE, 0.12 ppm DDE, wet wt in anchovies TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increased compared to positive control (1969 data) mean number of fledglings produced per nest in 1974 Both Male and Female Fledgling Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte 1286 nests 0.03 ppm DDT plus TDE, 0.12 ppm DDE, wet wt in anchovies TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) non-detectable DDT plus TDE, 96.6 ppm DDE, lipid wet basis concentration in egg contents Female Adult Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte 39 eggs 0.03 ppm DDT plus TDE, 0.12 ppm DDE, wet wt in anchovies TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Pelecanus occidentalis

Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the diet and eggs of the Florida brown pelican

Author(s)
Thompson, Neal P., Patrick W. Rankin, Patricia E. Cowan, Lovett E. Williams, Jr. and Stephen A. Nesbitt
Pages
331-339
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 0.896 ppm DDE, 0.256 ppm DDD, 0.166 ppm DDT, 0.208 dieldrin, 2.241 ppm PCB 1254 mean residues in eggs Female Adult east coast 29 eggs 0.017 ppm DDE, 0.016 ppm DDD, 0.020 ppm DDT, 0.005 ppm dieldrin, 0.196 ppm PCB 1254, wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE in birds' eggs: Comparison of two methods for estimating critical levels

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
268-276
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 8 ug/g critical threshold of DDE concentration in egg (wet wt basis) associated with 20% eggshell thinning Both Male and Female Embryo 813 eggs ND-100 ug/g in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g lowest level of DDE that would result in severely lowered reproductive success Both Male and Female Embryo 156 eggs ND-9 ug/g in eggs TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Further interpretation of the relation of organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs to reproductive success

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
15-33
Year
Issue
1
Volume
28
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g level in eggs associated with impaired reproductive success (successful nests fledged at least one chick) Both Male and Female Juvenile 156 eggs 0.36-8.60 ppm, wet wt in eggs TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hatching success of brown pelican eggs after contamination with oil

Author(s)
Parnell, James F., Mark A. Shields and Dargan Frierson, Jr.
Pages
22-24
Year
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FUEL OILS decrease hatching success (proportion of eggs hatched per clutch) of oiled versus control eggs Not Reported Embryo Cape Fear River 61-205 eggs oil spill TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets

Aechmophorus occidentalis

Citation:

Effects of DDE, TDEm and PCBs on shell thickness of western grebe eggs, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah - 1973-74

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
108-111
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-) decreased compared with pre-1940 eggs eggshell thickness index (Ratcliffe's Index) Not Reported Embryo Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 93 eggs 6.6 ppm DDE, 1.3 ppm DDD in eggs, wet wt TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in western grebes from Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark and Jessop B. Low
Pages
754-760
Year
Issue
6
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 12.8 ppm DDE, 0.8 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in breast muscle Not Reported Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 24 birds 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 61.5 ppm DDE, 5.2 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in visceral fat Not Reported Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 18 birds 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 0.55 ppm DDE, 0.07 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in blood Not Reported Adult Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 16 birds 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 6.6 ppm DDE, 1.3 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in whole eggs Not Reported Embryo 40 eggs 0.01-0.02 ppm DDE in fish TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet (parental) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California

Author(s)
Boellstorff, D.E., H.M. Ohlendorf, D.W. Anderson, E.J. O'Neill, J.O. Keith and R.M.Prouty
Pages
485-493
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 measurements Not Reported Embryo Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge 29 eggs 1.4 ppm DDE, 0.18 ppm DDT+DDD, 2.21 ppm PCBs in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets

Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus

Citation:

Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs

Author(s)
Lonzarich, David G., Thomas E. Harvey and Jean E. Takekawa
Pages
147-153
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CHLORDANE, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM (elemental) no effect eggshell thickness compared to those of museum eggs from 1907 and 1936 Female Adult North and South San Francisco Bay 29 eggs 0.03-0.17 (oxychlordanes), 0.11-0.58 (trans-nonachlor), 0.81-2.86 (PCB), 0.05-0.26 (cis-chlordane), 0.28-0.84 (DDE), 0.02-0.15 (DDD), <0.01-0.15 (DDT), 0.08-0.19 (dieldrin), <0.01-0.14 (heptachlor epoxide), <0.01-0.15 (cis-nonachlor), 0.55-0.72 (mercury), TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet (parent) Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Field results using cholinesterase reactivation techniques to diagnose acute anticholinesterase poisoning in birds and fish

Author(s)
Stansley, William
Pages
315-321
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIAZINON decreased (84%) percent inhibition of post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 5 ducks 183 ug/g ingesta TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BENDIOCARB decreased (73%) percent inhibition of post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Adult 4 ducks 1.17 ug/g ingesta TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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