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Canis latrans

Citation:

Food and population characteristics of Iowa coyotes

Author(s)
Mathwig, Herbert J.
Pages
167-189
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition rabbits (70.6%); livestock (14.0%); mice (10.5%); birds (4.2%) % volume of principal foods in stomachs, body weight range 14.5 - 37.0 lbs % Both Male and Female Not Reported 151 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition plant foods (29.2%); rabbits (27.6%); mice and rats (24.6%); livestock (7.4%) % volume of principal foods in scats % Both Male and Female Not Reported 147 Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 6 maximum age in field yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 greatest density #/1.4 mi2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some observations on coyote food habits in Pennsylvania

Author(s)
Witmer, G.W., M.J. Pipas and A. Hayden
Pages
77-80
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition white-tailed deer (56.1%); mouse/vole (14.8%): cottontail rabbit (9.4%); woodchuck (10.6%); squirrel (5.2%); raccoon (5.2%); porcupine (2.9%); unidentified mammal hair (18.4%); feathers (10.3%); insects (18.1%); grass/sedge (35.5%); leaf fragments (15.2%); twigs/bark (6.4%); seeds/fruit (15.8%); other plants (2.9%); manmade materials (2.3%) % frequence of occurrence of major (>2%) food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported northcentral, southcentral and northeast regions 310 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Both Male and Female Adult Rochester, Alberta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diets of three predators at Concord Naval Weapons Station, Contra Costa County, California

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J., Marylisa Lynch, Dirk Van Vuren, Ivette Loredo and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
64-67
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (57%); Microtus californicus (19%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (29%); Thomomys bottae (19%); Birds (5%); Insects (10%); Seeds and berries (10%); Herbaceous vegetation (14%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported Concord Naval Weapons Station 21 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (61%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (30%); Lepus californicus (43%); Thomomys bottae (9%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (4%); Herbaceous vegetation (35%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (9%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported Concord Naval Weapons Station 23 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (67%); Microtus californicus (45%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (12%); Thomomys bottae (2%); Birds (5%); Seeds and berries (19%); Herbaceous vegetation (43%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (24%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported Concord Naval Weapons Station 42 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (30%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (43%); Lepus californicus (17%); Thomomys bottae (4%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (13%); Herbaceous vegetation (17%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (13%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported Concord Naval Weapons Station 23 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of coyotes: The effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea

Author(s)
Rose, Michael D. and Gary A. Polis
Pages
998-1007
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (1.8%); Rodents (21.0%); Lagomorphs (6.6%); Birds (6.3%); Arthropods (5.7%); Vegetation (8.1%) Marine: Reptiles (0.6%); Mammals (0.3%); Fish (12.0%); Birds (16.5%); Arthropods (17.7%); Vegetation (0.6%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 coastal sites % Not Reported Not Reported Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] 152 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (7.1%); Rodents (48.0%); Lagomorphs (15.9%); Birds (1.0%); Arthropods (11.8%); Vegetation (15.5%) Marine: Birds (0.3%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 inland sites % Not Reported Not Reported Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] 170 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer food habits and population density of coyotes, Canis latrans, in boreal forests of sutheastern Quebec

Author(s)
Samson, Claude and Michel Crete
Pages
227-233
Year
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of density estimates 0.2 - 0.3 #/10 km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition see citation figure of monthly average volume (%) of food items in scats during 2 summers Both Male and Female Not Reported Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] 666 scat samples Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet of Coyotes at Lemoore Naval Air Station

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Seeds (54.8%); Fruit (56.9%); Insects (44.1%); California voles (12.9%); Lagomorphs (10.8%); Cricetine rodents (62.4%); Birds (5.4%); Califorina ground squirrels (4.3%); Gophers (2.2%); Amphibians/Reptiles (2.2%) overall % frequency of occurrence of prey items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Lemoore Naval Air Station 93 scats Exposure Factor Datasets

Mephitis mephitis

Citation:

Evaluation of mark-recapture for estimating striped skunk abundance

Author(s)
Greenwood, Raymond J., Alan B. Sargeant and Douglas H. Johnson
Pages
332-340
Year
Issue
2
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 308 170 SD ha Male Not Reported Walum, ND 15 males Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 242 119 SD ha Female Not Reported Walum, ND 24 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition review Both Male and Female Neonate Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biology of the striped skunk

Author(s)
Verts, B. J.
Pages
182
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 6.2 0.2 lb Male Adult 115 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 4.4 0.2 lb Female Adult 82 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 33.4 g Not Reported Neonate 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition see citation stomach contents and fecal analysis Both Male and Female Adult 149; 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb/Mar Both Male and Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 62-66 d Both Male and Female Embryo 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 7.3 0.25 5-9 pups/litter Female Adult 21 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecological aspects of winter dormancy in the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Mutch, Graham G. R. and Aleksiuk, Michael
Pages
607-615
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 3769 1.91 SE g Male Adult Delta Marsh Mannitoba 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2584 20.9 SE g Male Adult Delta Marsh Mannitoba 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 31.9 1.3 SE % Male Adult Delta Marsh Mannitoba 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 10.1 2.1 SE % Male Adult Delta Marsh Mannitoba 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 142 calculated basal metabolic rate 5 SE kcal/d Male Adult Delta Marsh Mannitoba 5 Exposure Factor Datasets

Zalophus californianus

Citation:

Studies on the biology of the California sea lion and the northern elephant seal on San Nicolas Island, California

Author(s)
Odell, Daniel Keith
Pages
p.147
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Territory Size 130 15-291 m2 Male Adult San Nicolas Island, CA 24-25 males Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition May/June Not Reported Pup San Nicolas Island 127 pups Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying June/July Both Male and Female Adult San Nicolas Island, CA not reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis

Citation:

Abundance, distribution, and behavior of the southern sea otter (Enydra lutris nereis) in a California estuary

Author(s)
Feinholz, Daniela M.
Pages
105-116
Year
Volume
24.2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of densities for entire study area for 2 yrs 3.57 - 19.07 #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Elkhorn Slough Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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