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Falco sparverius

Citation:

Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius L.) fed biologically incorporated lead

Author(s)
Custer, Thomas W., J.Christian Franson, and Oliver H. Pattee
Pages
39-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.13 ppm blood at 212 ppm; 1.69 ppm blood at 448 ppm mean lead concentration in blood Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group 0.5, 120, 212, 448 ppm (dry wt) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 7.84 ppm femur at 120 ppm; 16.60 ppm femur at 212 ppm; 18.44 ppm femur at 448 ppm mean lead concentration in femur Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group 0.5, 120, 212, 448 ppm (dry wt) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect packed cell volume, hemoglogin concentration, erythrocyte counts Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group 0.5, 120, 212, 448 ppm (dry wt) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accumulation of lead and organochlorine residues in captive American kestrels fed pine voles from apple orchards

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C., W. Nelson Beyer and Robert A. Stehn
Pages
388-391
Year
Issue
3
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.05 (0.05 SE) ppm (wet wt) lead concentration in liver Female Juvenile 2 38 lead, 48 DDE, 1.2 dieldrin ppm (wet wt) in voles TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.70 (0.20 SE) ppm (wet wt) lead concentration in tibia Female Juvenile 2 38 lead, 48 DDE, 1.2 dieldrin ppm (wet wt) in voles TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 232 (9 SE) ppm (wet wt) DDE concentration in carcass Female Juvenile 2 38 lead, 48 DDE, 1.2 dieldrin ppm (wet wt) in voles TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 10.4 (0.6 SE) ppm (wet wt) DDE concentration in brain Female Juvenile 2 38 lead, 48 DDE, 1.2 dieldrin ppm (wet wt) in voles TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased bw (versus pre-study bw) Female Juvenile 2 38 lead, 48 DDE, 1.2 dieldrin ppm (wet wt) in voles TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C.
Pages
527-530
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.357 (0.012 SE) ppm at 29.3 ppm mean lead concentration (wet wt) in liver Female Adult 3/group 29.3 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 7.63 (1.03 SE) ppm at 29.3 ppm mean lead concentration (wet wt) in bone Female Adult 3/group 29.3 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 60 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead in hawks, falcons and owls downstream from a mining site on the Coeur D'Alene River, Idaho

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus, David J. Hoffman and Robert A. Grove
Pages
267-288
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.24 ug/g at study area, 0.087 ug/g at reference area mean lead concentration in blood (wet wt) Both Male and Female Nestling Coeur D'Alene River 30 (study area) 22 (reference) 3.0-1640 ug/g (wet wt) in prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.46 ug/g at study area 0.25 ug/g at reference area mean lead concentration in blood (wet wt) Both Male and Female Adult Coeur D'Alene River 3 (study area) 6 (reference) 3.0-1640 ug/g (wet wt) in prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased red blood cell delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (relative to control) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Coeur D'Alene River 33 3.0-1640 ug/g (wet wt) in prey species TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased hematocrit Both Male and Female Juvenile Coeur D'Alene River 30 3.0-1640 ug/g (wet wt) in prey species TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased hemoglobin (relative to control) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Coeur D'Alene River 33 3.0-1640 ug/g (wet wt) in prey species TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.23 ug/g (wet wt) mean lead concentration in liver Both Male and Female Juvenile Coeur D'Alene River 30 3.0-1640 ug/g (wet wt) in prey species TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect number of young produced Both Male and Female Adult Coeur D'Alene River 20 nests 3.0-1640 ug/g (wet wt) in prey species TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Peromyscus maniculatus

Citation:

Bioavailability of metals and arsenic to small mammals at a mining waste-contaminated wetland

Author(s)
Pascoe, G.A., R.J. Blanchet and G. Linder
Pages
44-50
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS Arsenic, <0.02; Cadmium, 0.08; Copper, 3.4; Lead, <0.003; Zinc, 29.5 ug/g mean carcass concentration (ug/g wet wt.); mean deer mice body weight = 36.0 +/- 8.3SD, n=8 Not Reported Not Reported Milltown Reservoir, Missoula 8 animals Mining waste; Mean soil concentrations (n=8): Arsenic, 52.5 +/- 6.2; Cadmium, 7.8 +/- 0.7; Copper, 532.2 +/- 69.4; Lead, 65.7 +/- 6.4; Zinc, 1,908.9 +/- 392.9SE ug/g TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead poisoning in roadside populations of deer mice

Author(s)
Mierau, Gary W. and Blaise E. Favara
Pages
55-64
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS Bone; 52.10 +/- 33.81SD, Kidney; 8.46 +/- 3.03SE, Liver; 3.29 +/- 1.77SD, Brain; 0.84 +/- 0.25SE, Feces; 153.6+/- 103.5SD ppm (dry weight) Mean concentrations in deer mice from roadside site (ppm, dry weight). Feces collected from nest box after 1 yr accumulation. Roadside tissue concentrations significantly different from control site. Both Male and Female Adult Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) 9 - 10 animals mean surface soil; 73.0 +/- 19.9SD ppm, dry weight TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR multiple Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect number of litters per 100 breeding females, measured by observing litters in nesting boxes at a control and roadside site Female Adult Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) 50 nesting boxes, 66 observation periods nimals mean surface soil; 73.0 +/- 19.9SD ppm, dry weight TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR multiple Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS significant increase mortality during winter, estimated by number of mice recaptured the following breeding season at a control and roadside site Both Male and Female Adult Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) 98 - 180 tagged animals mean surface soil; 73.0 +/- 19.9SD ppm, dry weight TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR multiple Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats of San Francisco Bay, California

Author(s)
Clark, Jr., Donald R., Kevin S. Foerster, Carolyn M. Marn and Roger L. Hothem
Pages
389-396
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS no effect incidence of liver and kidney histopathologies was not related to contaminant concentrations Not Reported Not Reported salt marsh, San Pablo and San Francisco Bays 26 animals Range of tissue means (ppm, dry wt.): Liver; 0.05-1.08 (mercury), 2.32-3.53 (selenium). Kidney; 0.4-2.11 (cadmium), 0.6-1.92 (lead). Carcass; 0.02-0.22 (PCBs). TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets

Zalophus californianus

Citation:

Potential heavy metal influence on the death of several species of pinnipeds

Author(s)
Van Heekeren, A. and Edwin J. Skoch
Pages
51-61
Year
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of epileptiform seizures and subsequent death associated with "unusual" Se levels Female Adult 1 range of metal residue levels in brain, liver, heart, muscle and fat (ppm dry wt); Cd, 0.18 - 3.03; Cr, 1.24-2.39; Cu 1.86 - 87.74; Pb, 77.21-110.90; Se 222-255; Zn 4.89-240.28 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effects of dietary mercury and lead on eggshell thickness in mallards

Author(s)
Haegele, Max A., Richard K. Tucker and R.H. Hudson
Pages
5-11
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS decreased @ 40 ppm DDE eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 10/group 0, 40 ppm DDE, 100 ppm lead, or 200 ppm N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluene sulfoanilide TOX-REPRO - physiology 55 d - approx. 2 mos diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS decreased with both treatments eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 10/group 0, 40 ppm DDE + 100 ppm lead, or 40 ppm DDE + 200 ppm N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluene sulfoanilide TOX-REPRO - physiology 55 d - approx. 2 mos diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 3.7 (carcass); 2.5 (egg); 2.5 (eggshells); 9.6 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead; 3.4 (carcass); 0.88 (egg); 2.8 (eggshells); 35.0 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead + DDE lead residues in whole carcass, egg contents, eggshells, and bone Female Adult 10/group 100 ppm lead, or 40 ppm DDE + 100 ppm lead TOX-EXP IND - accumulation approx. 2 mos diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead poisoning in waterfowl from the Ebro Delta, Spain: Calculation of lead exposure thresholds for mallards

Author(s)
Guitart, R., J. To-Figueras, R. Mateo, A. Bertolero, S. Cerradelo and A. Martinez-Vilalta
Pages
289-293
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.822 (0.059-21.60) ppm wet wt geometric mean liver concentration (range) Not Reported Not Reported Ebro Delta Natural Park 39 birds 297,590 shot pellets/ha (in sediment) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.367 (<0.05-29.80) geometric mean concentration in kidneys (range) Not Reported Not Reported Ebro Delta Natural Park 39 birds 297,590 shot pellets/ha (in sediment) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS humerus, 41.652 (8.20-211.6); spleen, 0.669 (0.128-2.397); pancreas, 3.295 (1.074-13.47); brain, 1.367 (0.120-117.1) geometric mean concentrations (ranges) in humerus, spleen, pancreas, and brain Not Reported Not Reported Ebro Delta Natural Park 6-10 birds/tissue type 297,590 shot pellets/ha (in sediment) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect body weight versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment 0, 1.5 (sediment control), 103, 207, 414, 828 ug/g calculated diet concentrations, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 828 ug/g hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment 0, 1.5 (sediment control), 103, 207, 414, 828 ug/g calculated diet concentrations, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ all doses delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment 0, 1.5 (sediment control), 103, 207, 414, 828 ug/g calculated diet concentrations, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 414, 828 ug/g occurrence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in kidneys versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment 0, 1.5 (sediment control), 103, 207, 414, 828 ug/g calculated diet concentrations, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 828 ug/g occurrence of lead poisoning signs versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment 0, 1.5 (sediment control), 103, 207, 414, 828 ug/g calculated diet concentrations, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ all doses protoporphyrin levels in blood versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment 0, 1.5 (sediment control), 103, 207, 414, 828 ug/g calculated diet concentrations, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 4.6(0.66) ppm @ 103 ug/g Pb; 9.3(0.82) ppm @ 207 ug/g Pb; 12(1.3) ppm @ 414 ug/g Pb; 28(4.6) ppm @ 828 ug/g Pb mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of lead in liver Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment 0, 1.5 (sediment control), 103, 207, 414, 828 ug/g calculated diet concentrations, added as contaminated sediment TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect body weight versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment 0, 8.7 (sediment control), 642, 1284 ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 624 and 1284 ug/g delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and hemoglobin concentrations Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment 0, 8.7 (sediment control), 642, 1284 ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 642 and 1284 ug/g protoporphyrin versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment 0, 8.7 (sediment control), 642, 1284 ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 1284 ug/g hematocrit versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment 0, 8.7 (sediment control), 642, 1284 ug/g diet, added as contaminated sediment TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment