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Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues to breeding pelicans and cormorants

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph J. Hickey, Robert W. Risebrough, Donald F. Hughes, and Robert E. Christensen
Pages
91-112
Year
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative correlation correlation of egg concentration of DDE and est. PCB's and shell thickness and weight Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements eggshell thickness Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double-crested cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas, Ross J. Norstrom, John E. Elliott, Leslie E. Hart, Kimberly M. Cheng and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
247-265
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased at 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Mean yolk weight of eggs Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg total hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg hepatic EROD activity Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive regression linear regression of hepatic EROD activity or cyt P450 content on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative regression linear regression of wing length on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.120 rate of growth from hatch to fledge Not Reported Juvenile 33 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.017 SD
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Not Reported Hatchling 33 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 2.96 SD

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase activity and growth of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Martin, Pamela A., Keith R. Solomon, Douglas J. Forsyth, Herman J. Boermans and Neil D. Westcott
Pages
901-909
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN decreased @ 132 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distances), 264 g/ha (all exposure distances) brain cholinesterase activities compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN no effect growth rate to four weeks of age compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Strychnine poisoning of aquatic birds

Author(s)
Wobeser, G. and B.R. Blakley
Pages
341-343
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE increase strychnine poisoning via grain bait diagnosed as cause of death in free-flying mallards Both Male and Female Adult 4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females

Author(s)
Reynolds, Ronald E., Robert J. Blohm, James D. Nichols and James E. Hines
Pages
691-696
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.915 summer to spring survival (proportion) Female Adult 11,139 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.090 (SE)
Citation:

Relative success of overwater and upland mallard nests in southwestern Manitoba

Author(s)
Arnold, T.W., M.D. Sorenson, and J.J. Rotella
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 43.9% nest success rate (Mayfield method) among overwater nests Female Adult 47 Minnedosa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Hatching Success 12.2% nest success rate (Mayfield method) among upland nests Female Adult 49 Minnedosa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Responses of a deer mouse population to a forest herbicide application: reproduction, growth, and survival

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P. and Druscilla S. Sullivan
Year
Volume
59
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE decrease number of hardwood trees in study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 study area Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect proportion of trapped animals in breeding condition Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 151 Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE increase survival over summer and winter Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 545 Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect juvenile growth rate (summer and fall) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 283 Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Demographic responses of small mammal populations to a herbicide application in coastal coniferous forest: population density and resiliency

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P.
Pages
874-883
Year
Volume
68
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect population density, compared to control site Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 trapping periods Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE increase % of trapped males and females in breeding condition, compared to control site Both Male and Female Adult 24 - 62 animals Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect average duration of life during summer and winter periods Both Male and Female Adult 2 - 40 animals Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Glyphosate treatment and deer mice in clearcut and forest

Author(s)
Ritchie, D. Chris, Alton S. Harestad and Ralph Archibald
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE 0.29 relative density (vs. control) in sprayed area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE decrease percent vegetation cover (vs control) in study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect adult sex ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.70 #/litter Female Adult 10 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets primiparous CANADA 0.54 SE
Clutch or Litter Size 5.24 #/litter Female Adult 46 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets multiparous CANADA 0.22 SE
Survival/ Mortality 0.046 daily mortality rate for mice <90 days; author's estimate from regression of log numbers against age. /d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets <90 d CANADA
Time of Hatching or Parturition April (begin), late April-Late July (peak), September (end) Female Adult Not Reported Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Metabolic rates of Peromyscus maniculatus in winter, spring and summer

Author(s)
Stebbins, Lucius L., Reginald Orich and John Nagy
Pages
99-104
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Metabolic Rate 4.67 average resting metabolic rate estimated as oxygen consumption at -17.7C ml O2/g/hr Male Adult 4 animals placed in cages in forest near Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.12 SE
Metabolic Rate 3.21 average resting metabolic rate estimated as oxygen consumption at 14.45C ml O2/g/hr Male Adult 4 animals placed in cages in forest near Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.10 SE
Metabolic Rate 2.66 average resting metabolic rate estimated as oxygen consumption at 20.6C ml O2/g/hr Male Adult 4 animals placed in cages in forest near Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.08 SE
Citation:

Field populations of deermice with supplemental food

Author(s)
Fordham, R. A.
Pages
138-146
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly means at sites with excess artificial food (whole oats), includes pregnant animals g Female Adult 5-26/mo University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly means at control sites, includes pregnant animals g Female Adult 1-8/mo University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean range of mean weights taken every 2 wks for 10 wks in sites with excess artificial food (whole oats) g Male Juvenile 2-30/time University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Foraging range in mice and voles: The role of risk

Author(s)
Anderson, Paul K.
Pages
2645-2653
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 60-120 long by 5.5 wide linear-shaped home ranges conforming to ecotone along lake m Both Male and Female Not Reported 14 Frederick Lake, near Calgary, Alberta [lat., 51^o06'N; long., 114^o44'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The spring decline in deer mice: death or dispersal?

Author(s)
Fairbairn, Daphne J.
Pages
84-92
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality see citation figure of 2 week survival rates at different seasons % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported University of British Columbia, Endowment Lands Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

The impact of dimethoate on rhythms of three granivorous bird species

Author(s)
Brunet, Richard and Andre Cyr
Pages
327-336
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Lab
DIMETHOATE significant reduction of mean daily activity levels (perch hopping) Not Reported Not Reported 7 treated; 7 control Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
DIMETHOATE 3.4 weight loss (3.4 g over experiment period; controls gained 0.43 g) g Not Reported Not Reported 7 treated; 7 control Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
Citation:

Determinants of lifetime reproductive success in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M
Pages
154-172
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Longevity 6 years Male Chick, Not Reported 2 males out of 51 male and female; 7 year study Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 11.1 numbers of eggs laid Female Adult 79 females Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.76
Clutch or Litter Size 10.1 number of eggs fertilized Female Adult, Both Adults and Juveniles 96 males Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.97
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 83 suppl. food; fledgling surviving to independence % Both Male and Female Fledgling 13 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 73 survival; no suppl. food; survival fledgling to independence % Both Male and Female Fledgling 29 pairs without suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 4.2 mean mass of nestlings 1 d old; no addtn. food g Not Reported Nestling 14 nestlings Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.17 SE
Citation:

Settlement patterns, territory size, and breeding density in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W. and John R. Krebs
Pages
1413-1420
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Territory Size 1745 mean territory size, measured by song playbacks and observations of border disputes m^2 Male Adult 6 birds Reifel Island, Delta, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 406 SD
Territory Size 3956 mean territory size, measured by song playbacks and observations of border disputes m^2 Male Adult 6 birds Reifel Island, Delta, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 611 SD
Citation:

Postnuptial motl of the song sparrow on Mandarte Island in relation to breeding

Author(s)
Dhondt, Andre A. and James N. M. Smith
Pages
513-520
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Molt June-September Both Male and Female Adult 69 Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Temporal spacing of broods, brood size, and parental care in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Derek A. Roff
Pages
1007-1015
Year
Issue
6
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.58; 3.42 Both Male and Female Adult 140; 89 Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1; 0.19

Citation:

Effects of some insecticides on productivity of burrowing owls

Author(s)
James, Paul C. and Glen A. Fox
Pages
65-71
Year
Issue
2
Volume
45
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN decrease proportion of pairs that raised at least one young (vs. untreated controls) Both Male and Female Adult 13 pairs Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBARYL no effect proportion of pairs that raised at least one young (vs. untreated controls) Both Male and Female Adult 30 pairs Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN decrease maximum number of young observed per nest (vs. untreated controls) Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 pairs Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN no effect maximum number of young observed per nest (vs. untreated controls) Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 pairs Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Shell thinning in eggs of Ungava peregrines

Author(s)
Berger, Daniel D., Daniel W. Anderson, James D. Weaver, and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
265-267
Year
Volume
84
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 12.7 +/- 8.7 ppm (wet wt), 253 +/- 160 ppm (lipid wt) mean (+/-SE) DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 10 eggs Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 21% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1940 museum specimens Female Adult 21 eggs from 12 clutches Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The relative importance of DDE and dieldrin in the decline of peregrine falcon populations.

Author(s)
Nisbet, Ian C.T.
Pages
351-375
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DIELDRIN review mortality in conjunction with pesticide use and residues in birds Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, UNITED KINGDOM, USA

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Residues of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarkii) and California newts (Tarichia torosa) from a lake treated with technical chlordane

Author(s)
Albright, L.J., P.C. Oloffs and S.Y Szeto
Pages
333-349
Year
Issue
4
Volume
815
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CHLORDANE 8,906 ppb, range; 4,954 - 15, 609 ppb mean and range of total technical chlordane residues in newt carcasses (without liver and stomach) 14 days after application Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.1250 mm/d Female 10 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yr CANADA 0.02155 SE
Growth Rate 0.0697 mm/d Male 7 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 4 yr CANADA 0.03720 SE
Growth Rate 0.0449 mm/d Female 5 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yr CANADA 0.00996 SE
Growth Rate -0.0043 mm/d Male 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yr CANADA 0.33534 SE

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Survival of embryos, tadpoles, and adults of the frogs Rana aurora aurora and Rana pretiosa pretiosa sympatric in southwestern British Columbia

Author(s)
Licht, Lawrence E.
Pages
613-627
Year
Issue
5
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 68.6 annual minimal survival % Not Reported Adult 67 White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 18.0 annual minimal survival % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 256 White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Comparative breeding behavior of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora) and the western spotted frog (Rana pretiosa pretiosa) in southwestern British Columbia

Author(s)
Licht, Lawrence E.
Pages
1287-1299
Year
Issue
6
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Apr. time of breeding and laying Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Southern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum)

Citation:

Growth and age of Alberta long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei): a comparison of two methods of estimation

Author(s)
Russell, Anthony P., G. Lawrence Powell and Dean R. Hall
Pages
397-412
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 10 maximum lifespan yr Not Reported Adult 170 Bow Valley (elev., 1290-1375m), [lat.,51^o05'N; long., 115^o4'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

Seasonal changes in the body composition of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) at northern latitudes

Author(s)
Aleksiuk, Michael and Kenneth W. Stewart
Pages
484-490
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov. - Apr. Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Winnepeg, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Winnepeg, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly mean weights g Both Male and Female Adult 10-16/mo Winnepeg, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Fat (total or %) % ether-extractable lipids of total body weight (wet wt) % Both Male and Female Adult 10-16/mo Winnepeg, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Sex and seasonal differences in metabolism in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis

Author(s)
Crews, David, Mark Grassman, William R. Garstka, Andrew Halpert and Brian Camazine
Pages
2362-2368
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Body Weight - Mean range of means g Male Adult 5 animals/6 sampling dates Exposure Factor Datasets 1-24 d post-emergence CANADA

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Food habits and average weights of a fall-winter sample of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans

Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Pages
105-106
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition snowshoe hare (31.7%); white-tailed deer (24.5%); plants (20.4%); small mammals (14.3%); non-edibles (13.2%); large birds (6.0%); porcupine (4.9%); Canis spp. (2.6%); carrion (1.9%); small birds (1.9%); apple (1.9%); human garbage (1.5%); moose (1.5%); feces (1.1); sheep (1.1%); cattle (0.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items identified from stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 265 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 13.32 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Juvenile 89 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 16.64 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Adult 50 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 11.42 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Juvenile 80 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality 71 mortality rate % Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 1 yr CANADA
Survival/ Mortality mortality rate % Not Reported Adult Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets > 1 yr CANADA
Dietary Composition large mammals (44%); mice (22%); snowshoe hare (3%); birds (11%); vegetation (7%); misc. (3%) % volume, determined from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 344 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Growth Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Clutch or Litter Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of young surviving to fledge per nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Body Weight - Mean review Both Adults and Juveniles Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Parameters of population and seasonal activity of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Alberta and Saskatchewan

Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.8 embryos; all ages pups/litter Female Adult 87 females Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 4.7 kg Male Juvenile 18 juveniles SasKatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.5 SD
Citation:

Ecological aspects of winter dormancy in the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Mutch, Graham G. R. and Aleksiuk, Michael
Pages
607-615
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Metabolic Rate 142 calculated basal metabolic rate kcal/d Male Adult 5 Delta Marsh Mannitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 5 SE
Citation:

Dispersal and home range of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in an area of population reduction in southern Alberta

Author(s)
Rosatte, Richard C. and John R. Gunson
Pages
315-319
Year
Issue
3
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 2.7 km2 Both Male and Female Juvenile 8 animals Alberta 49 deg. N, 112 deg. 45' W Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Metabolic and morphological adaptation to heterogenous environments of the Pacific tree toad, Hyla regilla

Author(s)
Jameson, David L., William Taylor and John Mountjoy
Pages
75-89
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 2.27 g Both Male and Female Adult 90 Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review time of fall and spring migration Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting first two weeks of May peak time of nest initiation Both Male and Female Adult 46 nests near Delta, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. austerus)

Citation:

The effect of extra food on small rodents populations: deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Taitt, M.J.
Pages
111-124
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying spring-summer period of peak activity Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Douglas fir forest, Vancouver Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Geographic variation in reproductive characteristics among Canadian populations of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Author(s)
Gregory, Patrick T. and Karl W. Larsen
Pages
946-958
Year
Volume
1993
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size range of site means based on sum of live and dead young and undeveloped eggs at parturition young/litter Female Adult 4 - 30/site Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
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